BENZODIAZEPINES / ANTIDOTES Flashcards
DIAZEPAM (VALIUM) antianxiety, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, sedative
Description: Diazepam is a benzodiazepine sedative and muscle relaxant that reduces tremors, induces amnesia, and reduces the incidence and recurrence of seizures. it relaxes muscle spasms in orthopedic injuries and produces amnesia for painful procedures (cardioversion)
Indications: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication before cardioversion, muscle tremors due to injury, and acute anxiety.
Contraindications: shock coma, acute alcoholism, depressed vital signs, obstetric patients, neonates.
Precautions: Psychoses, depression, myasthenia gravis. due to short half life of the drug seizure may recur.
Dose/route: Seizures: 5-10 mg IV/IM. Acute anxiety: 2-5 mg IV/IM
Pedi: 0.5-2mg IV/PR
Premedication: 5-15 mg IV
Pedi: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg IV
LORAZEPAM (ATIVAN)/Sedative
Description: Lorazepam is the most potent benzodiazepine available. it has strong antianxiety , sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and a relatively short half-life.
Indications: Sedation for cardioversion,and status epilepticus.
Contraindications: sensitivity to benzodiazepines.
Precautions: Narrow angle glaucoma, depression or psychosis, coma, shock, acute alcohol intoxication, renal or hepatic impairment, organic brain syndrome, myasthenia gravis, gi disorders, elderly, debilitated, limited pulmonary reserve.
Dose/route: Sedation: 2-4 mg IM, 0.5-2 mg IV
Pedi: 0.03-0.5 mg/kg IV/IM/PR up to 4 mg
Status epilepticus: 2 mg slow IV/PR (2 mg/min)
Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg slow IV/PR (2-5 min)
MIDAZOLAM (VERSED)/Sedative
Description: Midazolam is a short acting benzodiazepine with CNS depressant, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and anterograde amnestic effects.
Indications: To induce sedation before cardioversion or intubation, seizures.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, narrow angle glaucoma, shock, coma, or acute alchol intoxication.
Precautions: Copd, renal impairment, chf, elderly.
Dose/route: 1-5 mg slow IV/IM; 3mg intranasal
Pedi: 0.05-0.2 mg/kg IV 0.1-0.15 mg/kg IM
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (ACTIDOSE)/Absorbent
Description: Activated charcoal is a specially prepared charcoal that will absorb and bind toxins from the gastrointestinal tract.
Indications: Acute ingested poisoning
Precautions: Administer only after emesis or in those cases where emesis is contraindicated.
Dose/route: 1g/kg mixed with at least 6-8 oz of water, then PO or via NG tube
NALOXONE (NARCAN)/Narcotic antagonist
Description: Naloxone is a pure narcotic antagonist that blocks the effects of both natural and synthetic narcotics and may reverse respiratory depression.
Indications: Narcotic and synthetic narcotic overdose, coma of unknown origin.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug, non narcotic induced respiratory depression.
Precations: Possible dependency (including newborns.) it also has a short half life that is shorter than that of most narcotics; hence the pt may return to the overdose state.
Dose/route: 0.4-2 mg IV/IM/IN repeated 2-3 min as needed up to 10 mg
Pedi: 0.01 mg IV/IM repeated 2-3 mins as needed up to 10 mg.
FLUMAZENIL (ROMAZICON)/Benzodiazepine antagonist
Description: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used to reverse the sedative, recall, and psychomotor effects of diazepam, midazolam, and other benzodiazepines.
Indications: Respiratory depression secondary to benzodiazepines.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to flumazenil or benzodiazepines, those pt’s who take medication for status epilepticus or seizures, seizure prone pt’s during labor and delivery, tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
Precautions: Hepatic impairment, elderly, pregnancy, nursing mothers, head injury, alchol and drug dependency, and physical dependecy on benzodiazepines.
Dose/route: 0.2 mg IV over 30 sec to 1 min, up to 1 mg.
