Benzodiazepines Flashcards
How do benzodiazepines enhance GABAergic transmission?
By binding to the GABA-A receptor at a site distinct from the GABA binding site, increasing the frequency of chloride channel opening.
Example: This mechanism leads to the sedative and anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.
What is the effect of benzodiazepines on the central nervous system?
They produce sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
Additional Information: These effects make benzodiazepines useful in various clinical conditions.
For what conditions are benzodiazepines commonly prescribed?
Anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal, and preoperative sedation.
Example: Lorazepam is often used for anxiety disorders.
Which benzodiazepine is commonly used for status epilepticus?
Lorazepam.
Example: Lorazepam is preferred due to its rapid onset of action.
What is the significance of the half-life of benzodiazepines in their clinical use?
Benzodiazepines with short half-lives are preferred for insomnia, while those with longer half-lives are better for anxiety disorders.
Additional Information: This affects dosing frequency and duration of action.
What are common adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and impaired coordination.
Example: These effects can impact daily activities and driving.
What are the risks associated with long-term use of benzodiazepines?
Dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.
Additional Information: Long-term use can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
What are the symptoms of benzodiazepine withdrawal?
Anxiety, irritability, insomnia, muscle cramps, seizures, and, in severe cases, delirium.
Example: Withdrawal symptoms can be severe and require medical management.
Why should benzodiazepines be used with caution in elderly patients?
Increased sensitivity to the drug and a higher risk of sedation, confusion, falls, and fractures.
Additional Information: Elderly patients are more susceptible to adverse effects.
Name a benzodiazepine that is primarily used for its muscle relaxant properties.
Diazepam.
Example: Diazepam is commonly used for muscle spasms and spasticity.
What effect do benzodiazepines have when taken with other CNS depressants?
They can have an additive effect, leading to increased sedation and respiratory depression.
Additional Information: Combining benzodiazepines with alcohol or opioids can be dangerous.
Which enzyme primarily metabolizes benzodiazepines, and what are the implications of this for drug interactions?
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (especially CYP3A4); inhibitors or inducers of these enzymes can alter benzodiazepine levels and effects.
Additional Information: Drug interactions can affect the efficacy and safety of benzodiazepines.
Which of the following is a short-acting benzodiazepine commonly used for insomnia?
C) Triazolam
Answer: C) Triazolam
Which benzodiazepine is preferred for the management of status epilepticus?
B) Lorazepam
Answer: B) Lorazepam
Which benzodiazepine is most commonly used for alcohol withdrawal syndrome due to its long half-life?
B) Diazepam
Answer: B) Diazepam
