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CHM 122 > Benzenols,Phenols > Flashcards

Benzenols,Phenols Flashcards

1
Q

Question and Options

A

Answer and Explanation

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT an aromatic hydrocarbon? a) Benzene b) Toluene c) Cyclohexane d) Naphthalene

A

c) Cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and does not possess aromaticity.

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3
Q

The IUPAC name for C6H5OH is: a) Phenol b) Benzyl alcohol c) Cyclohexanol d) Ethanol

A

a) Phenol. C6H5OH is known as phenol, a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring.

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4
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes and cycloalkanes(ringed shaped aromatic hydrocarbon)? a) CnH2n+2 b) CnH2n c) CnH2n-6 d) CnH2n-4

A

b) CnH2n. This is the general formula for alkanes.

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5
Q

What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in a benzene ring? a) sp b) sp2 c) sp3 d) sp3d

A

b) sp2. The carbon atoms in benzene are sp2 hybridized, forming a planar structure.

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6
Q

Which of the following describes the bonding in a benzene ring? a) All single bonds b) All double bonds c) Alternating single and double bonds d) Delocalized pi electrons

A

d) Delocalized pi electrons. Benzene has delocalized pi electrons, contributing to its stability.

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7
Q

What is the main difference between benzene and cyclohexane? a) The number of carbon atoms b) The presence of a double bond c) The presence of a ring structure d) The delocalization of electrons

A

d) The delocalization of electrons. Benzene has delocalized pi electrons, while cyclohexane does not.

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8
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of aromatic compounds? a) They are highly reactive b) They undergo addition reactions easily c) They are planar and cyclic d) They have a strong, unpleasant odor

A

c) They are planar and cyclic. Aromatic compounds are characterized by their planar and cyclic structure.

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9
Q

The term ‘ortho’ (o) in organic chemistry refers to: a) A substituent on the benzene ring at the 1,2 position b) A substituent on the benzene ring at the 1,3 position c) A substituent on the benzene ring at the 1,4 position d) A substituent on the benzene ring at the 1,5 position

A

a) A substituent on the benzene ring at the 1,2 position. ‘Ortho’ indicates adjacent substituents.

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10
Q

What is the main product formed when benzene reacts with bromine in the presence of a catalyst? a) Bromobenzene b) Benzoic acid c) Cyclohexane d) Toluene

A

a) Bromobenzene. The reaction yields bromobenzene via electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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11
Q

Which of the following is a common electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction? a) Friedel-Crafts alkylation b) SN1 reaction c) SN2 reaction d) Elimination reaction

A

a) Friedel-Crafts alkylation. This reaction introduces an alkyl group onto the aromatic ring.

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12
Q

How does the presence of an electron-withdrawing group on the benzene ring affect its reactivity towards electrophilic attack? a) It increases reactivity b) It decreases reactivity c) It has no effect d) It depends on the specific group

A

b) It decreases reactivity. Electron-withdrawing groups reduce the electron density of the ring, making it less reactive.

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13
Q

What is the major product formed when phenol reacts with concentrated nitric acid? a) Nitrophenol b) Picric acid c) Benzoic acid d) Benzene

A

a) Nitrophenol. The reaction leads to the nitration of phenol.

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14
Q

Which of the following is a common method used for the preparation of phenols? a) Reduction of ketones b) Hydrolysis of aryl halides c) Oxidation of alcohols d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above. All methods can be used to prepare phenols.

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15
Q

What is the main difference between 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol? a) The number of carbon atoms in the naphthalene ring b) The position of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring c) The type of functional group attached to the naphthalene ring d) The presence of a double bond in the naphthalene ring

A

b) The position of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. 1-naphthol has -OH at position 1, while 2-naphthol has it at position 2.

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16
Q

Which of the following compounds is NOT an isomer of toluene? a) o-xylene b) m-xylene c) p-xylene d) ethylbenzene

A

d) ethylbenzene. Ethylbenzene has a different structure compared to toluene and its isomers.

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17
Q

What is the name of the compound formed when a methyl group is attached to the benzene ring at the para position? a) o-methylbenzene b) m-methylbenzene c) p-methylbenzene d) toluene

A

c) p-methylbenzene. The compound is known as p-toluene.

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18
Q

Which of the following compounds is a good example of an aromatic aldehyde? a) Benzaldehyde b) Acetophenone c) Phenol d) Benzoic acid

A

a) Benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde is an aromatic compound containing an aldehyde functional group.

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19
Q

What is the major product formed when benzene reacts with acetyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride? a) Toluene b) Acetophenone c) Cyclohexane d) Benzoic acid

A

b) Acetophenone. This reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aromatic carboxylic acids? a) They are generally acidic b) They are readily decarboxylated c) They can be prepared by oxidation of aromatic aldehydes d) They are less reactive than aliphatic carboxylic acids

A

b) They are readily decarboxylated. Aromatic carboxylic acids are generally not readily decarboxylated.

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21
Q

Which of the following is a common method used for the synthesis of aromatic amines? a) Reduction of nitro compounds b) Acylation of aromatic hydrocarbons c) Halogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons d) Reaction with Grignard reagents

A

a) Reduction of nitro compounds. This method is commonly used to synthesize aromatic amines.

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22
Q

What is the name of the compound formed when benzene reacts with an alkyl halide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst? a) Alkylbenzene b) Aryl halide c) Alkane d) Alkene

A

a) Alkylbenzene. The product is an alkyl-substituted benzene.

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23
Q

Which of the following compounds is NOT a good example of an aromatic heterocycle? a) Pyridine b) Furan c) Pyrrole d) Cyclohexane

A

d) Cyclohexane. Cyclohexane is not aromatic as it does not meet the criteria for aromaticity.

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24
Q

Which of the following is a common application of aromatic compounds? a) Pharmaceuticals b) Dyes c) Plastics d) All of the above

A

d) All of the above. Aromatic compounds are widely used in various applications.

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25
Q

Explain the concept of aromaticity in detail, including the criteria for a compound to be considered aromatic.

A

Aromaticity is a special type of stability exhibited by certain cyclic, planar, and conjugated molecules. The criteria for a compound to be aromatic are: 1. Cyclic: The molecule must have a closed ring structure. 2. Planar: All atoms in the ring must lie in the same plane. 3. Conjugated: The ring must have alternating single and double bonds, creating a continuous system of overlapping pi orbitals. 4. Hückel’s Rule: The number of pi electrons in the ring must follow Hückel’s rule, which states that it must be equal to 4n+2, where n is an integer.

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26
Q

Describe the structure and bonding in benzene and explain why it is more stable than cyclohexatriene.

A

Benzene has a planar, cyclic structure with six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. Each carbon atom is sp2 hybridized and forms three sigma bonds: two with adjacent carbons and one with a hydrogen atom. The remaining p orbital on each carbon atom overlaps with the p orbitals of its neighboring carbon atoms, forming a continuous ring of delocalized pi electrons. This delocalization makes the benzene ring highly stable compared to cyclohexatriene, which has localized double bonds.

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27
Q

What is the difference between electrophilic aromatic substitution and nucleophilic aromatic substitution?

A

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) involves the attack of an electrophile on an aromatic ring, resulting in the replacement of a hydrogen atom by the electrophile. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) involves the attack of a nucleophile on an aromatic ring, typically occurring when the ring is deactivated by electron-withdrawing groups.

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28
Q

Explain how the presence of substituents on the benzene ring can influence its reactivity towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.

A

“The reactivity of a benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution can be influenced by substituents: Electron-donating groups increase reactivity by enhancing electron density,

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29
Q

Question

A

Answer and Explanation

30
Q

Describe the mechanism of Friedel-Crafts alkylation and explain the role of the Lewis acid catalyst.

A

Friedel-Crafts alkylation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction where an alkyl group is attached to a benzene ring. The reaction requires a Lewis acid catalyst, typically aluminum chloride (AlCl3).\n\nMechanism:\n1. Formation of the electrophile: The Lewis acid catalyst reacts with the alkyl halide to generate a carbocation, which acts as the electrophile.\n2. Attack by the benzene ring: The electrophilic carbocation attacks the electron-rich benzene ring, forming a sigma complex (an intermediate).\n3. Loss of a proton: A proton is removed from the sigma complex, restoring the aromaticity of the benzene ring.\n\nThe Lewis acid catalyst plays a crucial role by:\n• Activating the alkyl halide: It polarizes the carbon-halogen bond, making the alkyl group more electrophilic.\n• Stabilizing the carbocation: It helps to stabilize the carbocation intermediate, making it more reactive.

31
Q

Explain how the position of the substituent in a substituted benzene ring can affect its physical and chemical properties.

A

The position of a substituent on a benzene ring can have a significant impact on the compound’s physical and chemical properties. This is because substituents can influence electron density distribution in the ring, affecting its reactivity and polarity.\n• Ortho, meta, and para isomers: Isomers with substituents at different positions (ortho, meta, and para) can exhibit different melting points, boiling points, dipole moments, solubilities, and reactivities.\n• Effect on reactivity: Electron-donating groups can increase the reactivity of the benzene ring, while electron-withdrawing groups can decrease it.\n• Effect on polarity: Polar substituents can increase the polarity of the molecule, while non-polar substituents can decrease it.

32
Q

Describe the synthesis of phenol from benzene. Explain the mechanism of the reaction and the role of the catalyst.

A

Phenol can be synthesized from benzene through a two-step process involving the following reactions:\n\nStep 1: Halogenation\n• Reaction: Benzene reacts with bromine (Br2) in the presence of a catalyst (iron or iron(III) bromide) to produce bromobenzene.\n• Mechanism: The reaction involves the formation of a bromonium ion (Br+), which acts as an electrophile, and attacks the benzene ring. The catalyst helps to generate the electrophile and facilitate the reaction.\n\nStep 2: Hydrolysis\n• Reaction: Bromobenzene is then treated with a strong base (like NaOH) at high temperature and pressure to yield phenol.\n• Mechanism: The reaction proceeds through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. The hydroxide ion acts as a nucleophile, attacking the bromobenzene ring, leading to the formation of phenol and sodium bromide.

33
Q

What are the main differences between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are two distinct classes of organic compounds.\n\nAliphatic hydrocarbons:\n• Structure: Chain-like or branched structures, with single, double, or triple bonds.\n• Reactivity: Generally more reactive than aromatics. They readily undergo addition reactions.\n• Stability: Less stable than aromatics.\n• Examples: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes.\n\nAromatic hydrocarbons:\n• Structure: Contain a benzene ring or other cyclic structures with delocalized pi electrons.\n• Reactivity: Less reactive than aliphatics. They tend to undergo substitution reactions.\n• Stability: More stable than aliphatics due to the delocalization of pi electrons.\n• Examples: Benzene, toluene, phenol.

34
Q

Discuss the importance of aromatic hydrocarbons in everyday life, giving examples.

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons are essential compounds in a wide range of applications, playing a vital role in various aspects of our daily lives.\n• Medicine: Many pharmaceuticals and medicinal compounds are based on aromatic structures.\n• Agriculture: Aromatic compounds are used in pesticides and herbicides to control pests and weeds.\n• Dyes and Pigments: Aromatic compounds form the basis of many colorful dyes and pigments used in textiles, paints, and inks.\n• Plastics and Polymers: Aromatic hydrocarbons are used in the production of a variety of plastics and synthetic polymers.\n• Fuels: Petroleum, which contains aromatic hydrocarbons, is a major source of fuel.\n• Food: Aromatic compounds are used as flavoring agents in food and beverages.\n• Fragrances and Perfumes: Many fragrances and perfumes contain aromatic compounds.

35
Q

What are some of the health risks associated with exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons?

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons can pose various health risks, especially when exposed to them in high concentrations or over prolonged periods.\n• Cancer: Some aromatic compounds, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in coal tar and cigarette smoke, are known carcinogens (cancer-causing agents).\n• Respiratory problems: Exposure to certain aromatic hydrocarbons can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.\n• Skin irritation: Some aromatic hydrocarbons can cause skin irritation, rashes, and dermatitis.\n• Neurotoxicity: Certain aromatic hydrocarbons can affect the nervous system, leading to headaches, dizziness, and neurological disorders.\n• Reproductive effects: Some aromatic hydrocarbons can disrupt hormone function and affect fertility.

36
Q

Explain how the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction can be used to synthesize various aromatic compounds.

A

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is a powerful tool for synthesizing a wide variety of aromatic compounds. The reaction involves the replacement of a hydrogen atom on a benzene ring with an electrophile.\n\nExamples of EAS reactions for synthesis:\n• Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: Alkylating a benzene ring with an alkyl halide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.\n• Friedel-Crafts Acylation: Acylating a benzene ring with an acyl chloride or anhydride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst.\n• Nitration: Introducing a nitro group (-NO2) to the benzene ring using a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid.\n• Halogenation: Introducing a halogen (bromine or chlorine) to the benzene ring using a halogenating agent like bromine or chlorine in the presence of a catalyst.\n• Sulfonation: Introducing a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) to the benzene ring using concentrated sulfuric acid.

37
Q

What are the challenges associated with the synthesis of aromatic compounds, and how are these challenges addressed?

A

Synthesizing aromatic compounds can be challenging due to the unique properties of the aromatic ring and the need to control reaction conditions.\n\nChallenges:\n• Reactivity: The relatively low reactivity of the benzene ring requires specific conditions and catalysts to induce substitution reactions.\n• Regioselectivity: Controlling the position of substituents in the ring is crucial.\n• Side Reactions: Aromatic compounds can undergo multiple reactions, leading to unwanted byproducts.\n\nAddressing the Challenges:\n• Catalysts: Using appropriate catalysts to enhance the reaction rate and selectivity.\n• Control of Reaction Conditions: Adjusting temperature, pressure, and concentrations to minimize side reactions.

38
Q

Explain how aromatic compounds contribute to the pharmaceutical industry, providing examples of drugs with aromatic structures.

A

Aromatic compounds are ubiquitous in the pharmaceutical industry. Their unique properties, including their ability to interact with biological targets, have made them essential building blocks for a wide range of drugs.\n\nExamples of drugs with aromatic structures:\n• Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid): A common pain reliever and anti-inflammatory drug containing a benzene ring with a carboxylic acid group.\n• Ibuprofen (an anti-inflammatory drug): Contains a benzene ring with a propionic acid group.\n• Paracetamol (acetaminophen): A common analgesic and antipyretic containing a benzene ring with an amide group.\n• Amoxicillin (an antibiotic): Contains a benzene ring with a beta-lactam ring, a critical component for its antibiotic activity.\n• Sulfa drugs (antibiotics): A group of antibiotics containing a benzene ring with a sulfonamide group.

39
Q

Discuss the environmental impact of aromatic hydrocarbons.

A

“Aromatic hydrocarbons can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment.\n\nPositive Impacts:\n• Biofuels: Some aromatic hydrocarbons are used in biofuels, contributing to renewable energy sources.\n• Polymers and Materials: Aromatic compounds are used in the production of plastics and synthetic materials, which can contribute to durability and longevity of products.\n\nNegative Impacts:\n• Pollution: Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels release aromatic hydrocarbons into the air, leading to air pollution and contributing to health problems.\n• Toxicity: Certain aromatic compounds are toxic to aquatic life and can contaminate water sources.\n• Persistence: Many aromatic compounds persist in the environment, taking a long time to break down,

40
Q

Question and Options

A

Answer and Explanation

41
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?
    a) They are cyclic.
    b) They are planar.
    c) They have alternating double and single bonds.
    d) They are highly reactive.
A

Answer: d) They are highly reactive. Explanation: Aromatic hydrocarbons are generally less reactive than aliphatic hydrocarbons due to their stability conferred by aromaticity.

42
Q
  1. What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in benzene?
    a) sp
    b) sp2
    c) sp3
    d) sp3d
A

Answer: b) sp2 Explanation: Each carbon atom in benzene forms three sigma bonds (one with another carbon and two with hydrogen atoms) and one pi bond. This requires sp2 hybridization.

43
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most stable carbocation?
    a) Primary
    b) Secondary
    c) Tertiary
    d) Benzylic
A

Answer: d) Benzylic Explanation: Benzylic carbocations are stabilized by resonance with the aromatic ring, making them more stable than primary, secondary, or even tertiary carbocations.

44
Q
  1. What is the major product of the reaction of benzene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid?
    a) Nitrobenzene
    b) Phenol
    c) Benzaldehyde
    d) Benzoic acid
A

Answer: a) Nitrobenzene Explanation: This reaction is a classic electrophilic aromatic substitution, where the electrophile (NO2+) attacks the benzene ring to form nitrobenzene.

45
Q
  1. Which of the following reactions is NOT a characteristic of benzene?
    a) Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
    b) Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
    c) Addition reaction
    d) Friedel-Crafts alkylation
A

Answer: c) Addition reaction Explanation: Benzene’s aromaticity makes it resistant to addition reactions. It prefers electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions which maintain its aromatic character.

46
Q
  1. Which of the following compounds is an example of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon?
    a) Toluene
    b) Naphthalene
    c) Phenol
    d) Benzoic acid
A

Answer: b) Naphthalene Explanation: Naphthalene consists of two fused benzene rings, making it a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

47
Q
  1. What is the common name for the compound with the formula C6H5OH?
    a) Benzene
    b) Toluene
    c) Phenol
    d) Benzoic acid
A

Answer: c) Phenol Explanation: Phenol is a common name for the hydroxyl derivative of benzene.

48
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C6H5COOH?
    a) Benzoic acid
    b) Phenol
    c) Toluene
    d) Benzene
A

Answer: a) Benzoic acid Explanation: Benzoic acid is the carboxylic acid derivative of benzene.

49
Q
  1. Which of the following reactions is used to prepare benzoic acid from toluene?
    a) Friedel-Crafts acylation
    b) Oxidation
    c) Reduction
    d) Halogenation
A

Answer: b) Oxidation Explanation: Toluene can be oxidized to benzoic acid using oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4).

50
Q
  1. Which of the following compounds is a good example of a phenol derivative?
    a) Acetaminophen
    b) Aspirin
    c) Salicylic acid
    d) All of the above
A

Answer: d) All of the above Explanation: All three compounds are derivatives of phenol, having a phenolic hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring.

51
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?a) They are cyclic.b) They are planar.c) They have alternating double and single bonds.d) They are highly reactive.
A

Answer: d) They are highly reactive.Explanation: Aromatic hydrocarbons are generally less reactive than aliphatic hydrocarbons due to their stability conferred by aromaticity.

52
Q
  1. What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in benzene?a) spb) sp2c) sp3d) sp3d
A

Answer: b) sp2Explanation: Each carbon atom in benzene forms three sigma bonds (one with another carbon and two with hydrogen atoms) and one pi bond. This requires sp2 hybridization.

53
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most stable carbocation?a) Primaryb) Secondaryc) Tertiaryd) Benzylic
A

Answer: d) BenzylicExplanation: Benzylic carbocations are stabilized by resonance with the aromatic ring

54
Q
  1. What is the major product of the reaction of benzene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid?a) Nitrobenzeneb) Phenolc) Benzaldehyded) Benzoic acid
A

Answer: a) NitrobenzeneExplanation: This reaction is a classic electrophilic aromatic substitution

55
Q
  1. Which of the following reactions is NOT a characteristic of benzene? a) Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutionb) Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutionc) Addition reactiond) Friedel-Crafts alkylation
A

Answer: c) Addition reactionExplanation: Benzene’s aromaticity makes it resistant to addition reactions. It prefers electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions which maintain its aromatic character.

56
Q
  1. Which of the following compounds is an example of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon?a) Tolueneb) Naphthalenec) Phenold) Benzoic acid
A

Answer: b) NaphthaleneExplanation: Naphthalene consists of two fused benzene rings

57
Q
  1. What is the common name for the compound with the formula C6H5OH?a) Benzeneb) Toluenec) Phenold) Benzoic acid
A

Answer: c) PhenolExplanation: Phenol is a common name for the hydroxyl derivative of benzene.

58
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C6H5COOH?a) Benzoic acidb) Phenolc) Toluened) Benzene
A

Answer: a) Benzoic acidExplanation: Benzoic acid is the carboxylic acid derivative of benzene.

59
Q
  1. Which of the following reactions is used to prepare benzoic acid from toluene?a) Friedel-Crafts acylationb) Oxidationc) Reductiond) Halogenation
A

Answer: b) OxidationExplanation: Toluene can be oxidized to benzoic acid using oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4).

60
Q
  1. Which of the following compounds is a good example of a phenol derivativea) Acetaminophenb) Aspirinc) Salicylic acidd) All of the above
A

Answer: d) All of the aboveExplanation: All three compounds are derivatives of phenol

61
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the acidity of phenols?a) Phenols are more acidic than alcohols.b) Phenols are less acidic than alcohols.c) Phenols have the same acidity as alcohols.d) The acidity of phenols depends on the substituents present.
A

Answer: a) Phenols are more acidic than alcohols.Explanation: The resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion makes phenols more acidic than alcohols.

62
Q
  1. What is the major product of the reaction of phenol with bromine in the presence of iron (III) bromide?a) 2
A

4

63
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of aromatic amines?a) They are weak bases.b) They are readily oxidized.c) They are good nucleophiles.d) They are less reactive than aliphatic amines.
A

Answer: d) They are less reactive than aliphatic amines.Explanation: Aromatic amines are more reactive than aliphatic amines due to the electron-donating effect of the amino group. This makes them more susceptible to electrophilic attack.

64
Q
  1. What is the name of the reaction used to convert nitrobenzene to anilinea) Friedel-Crafts alkylationb) Reductionc) Oxidationd) Halogenation
A

Answer: b) ReductionExplanation: The nitro group in nitrobenzene is reduced to an amino group to form aniline. This can be achieved using reducing agents like tin and hydrochloric acid.

65
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the formula C6H5NH2?a) Phenylamineb) Benzylaminec) Anilined) Aminobenzene
A

Answer: c) AnilineExplanation: Aniline is the common name for the simplest aromatic amine.

66
Q
  1. Which of the following compounds is a good example of a diazonium salt?a) Benzenediazonium chlorideb) Nitrobenzenec) Phenold) Aniline
A

Answer: a) Benzenediazonium chlorideExplanation: Diazonium salts are formed from aromatic amines by reaction with nitrous acid. Benzenediazonium chloride is a classic example.

67
Q
  1. What is the major product of the reaction of benzene with diazonium salts?a) Nitrobenzeneb) Phenolc) Azobenzened) Aniline
A

Answer: c) AzobenzeneExplanation: This reaction is known as azo coupling

68
Q
  1. Which of the following is a common use of diazonium salts in organic synthesis?a) Preparation of azo dyesb) Preparation of nitro compoundsc) Preparation of aldehydesd) Preparation of ketones
A

Answer: a) Preparation of azo dyesExplanation: Diazonium salts are important intermediates in the synthesis of azo dyes. The azo group (-N=N-) is responsible for the vibrant colors of these dyes.

69
Q
  1. What is the major product of the reaction of benzene with benzoyl chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride?a) Benzophenoneb) Benzaldehydec) Benzoic acidd) Toluene
A

Answer: a) BenzophenoneExplanation: This reaction is a Friedel-Crafts acylation

70
Q
  1. Which of the following reactions is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction?a) Friedel-Crafts alkylationb) Halogenationc) Nitrationd) All of the above
A

Answer: d) All of the aboveExplanation: All these reactions involve the attack of an electrophile on the benzene ring

71
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the catalyst in the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction?a) To increase the rate of the reactionb) To decrease the rate of the reactionc) To act as a Lewis acidd) To act as a Lewis base
A

Answer: c) To act as a Lewis acidExplanation: Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) is a common catalyst in Friedel-Crafts acylation. It acts as a Lewis acid to activate the acyl chloride and generate the electrophile for the reaction.

72
Q
  1. Which of the following compounds is a good example of a heterocyclic aromatic compounda) Pyridineb) Furanc) Thiophened) All of the above
A

Answer: d) All of the aboveExplanation: All three compounds are heterocyclic aromatic compounds. They contain at

CHM 122 (3 decks)

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