BENZENE AND ITS REACTION Flashcards
define the term electrophile
- an atom or a group of atoms that is attracted to an electron rich centre,
- where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
what is the nitration of benzene
when one of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene is replaced by a nitro group(-NO2)
what are the conditions of the nitration of benzene
concentrated nitric acid,concentrated sulphuric acid, temperature of 50
what is the catalyst in the nitration of benzene and why
sulphuric acid and,
because its regenerated at the end
write down the equation of the nitration of benzene
BENZENE+HNO3>NITROBENZENE+H20CONCETRATED
how is the nitronezene prepared
- conc nitric acid and conc sulfuric acid are mixed together while cooling the mixture in a beaker of cold water
- Benzene is then added at the nitrating keeping the temperature below 50C
- Once all the benzene has been added the solution is refluxed and heated at 50 in water bath
what colour is nitrobenzene
pale yellow
uses of nitrobenzene
1-preparation of dyes
2-pesticides
3-pharmaceuticals e.g.paracetamol
what is formed when methlybenzene is nitrated with a mixture of conc nitric acid and conc sulfuric acid
an explosive is formed.
2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene or (TNT)
what is a halogen carrier
a special type of catalyst that combines with a halogen molecule to provide a more reactive and polarised species
Give me three examples of halogen carries
- FeCl3
- AlCl3
- Fe
write an equation for the reaction between Chlorine and Benzene and the condition required
conditions:in the presence of a halogen carrie e.g. FeCl3,AlCl3,Fe,
room temperature and pressure
what are some of the uses of chlorobenzene
1-used as a solvent
2-used in production of pesticide
write an equation for the reaction between bromine and benzene and list the halogen carrier required
- other halogen carriers like AlBr3,Fe,FeBr3
uses of bromobenzene
used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals
