Benthos

Question 1

Two types of benthic animals

Answer 1

Epifauna and infauna

Question 2

Epifauna

Answer 2

Living on top of the seafloor

Question 3

Infauna

Answer 3

Living inside the seafloor

Question 4

Supralittoral/supertidal: above the tides

Answer 4

Smallest benthic zone, mostly dry only immersed during storms

Question 5

Littoral/intertidal: between the tides

Answer 5

Immersed at high tides and exposed at low tides, lies within am euphotic zone

Question 6

Sublittoral/subtidal: below the tide

Answer 6

From low tide mark to about 200 M, part of it lies in the photic zone

Question 7

3 parts of aphotic zone

Answer 7

Bathyal, abyssal, and hadal

Question 8

Characteristics of benthic algae

Answer 8

Multicellular, simple tissue, takes up nutrients from its body not roots, do not produce flowers/seeds

Question 9

Sea grasses are not

Answer 9

Algae, they operate like land plants

Question 10

Two types of zoobenthos

Answer 10

Sessile benthic and motile benthic

Question 11

Sessile benthic

Answer 11

Attached to the seafloor, need to wait for food to pass by

Question 12

Motile benthic

Answer 12

Live on seafloor, pursue their prey, graze, scavenge over the bottom

Question 13

Classification according to size

Answer 13

Macrofauna (>1mm), meiofauna(0.1-1mm), microfauna(<0.1mm)

Question 14

Feeding strategies

Answer 14

Carnivores, herbivores, detritus feeders, and decomposers

Question 15

Three types of detritus feeders

Answer 15

Scavengers (consume already dead animals and plants), filter feeders (eat suspended detritus including fecal matter), and deposit feeders (ingest sediments directly to extract the organic component)

Question 16

Bioturbation

Answer 16

Mixes sediment layers