Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging II Exam Three > Benign Tumors > Flashcards

Benign Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Do most benign tumors occur early or later in life?

A

Early (before age 20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are giant cell tumors benign or malignant?

A

80% benign but 20% malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the age range for a giant cell tumor?

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the male to female ratio for a GCT?

A

1:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common benign tumor of the sacrum?

A

Giant cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common location for GCT?

A

85% in the long bones, mostly distal femur and proximal tibia, distal radius, proximal humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is unique about the male to female ratio of GCT?

A

Females more likely when malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the key feature about the location of bone with GCT?

A

SUBARTICULAR ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most common benign osseous tumor?

A

Solitary osteochondroma (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the age of occurrence for an osteochondroma?

A

Below 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which tumor is a bony exostosis on the external surface of a bone and usually is lined by a hyaline cartilage cap?

A

Solitary osteochondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of osteochondromas?

A

1 sessile

2 pedunculated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are sessile osteochondromas commonly located?

A

Humerus and scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are pedunculate osteochondromas commonly located?

A

Knee, hip, ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which type of osteochondromas has a cartilage cap?

A

Pedunculated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some of the descriptive terms used for a pedunculated osteochondroma?

A

“Coat hanger exostosis” and “cauliflower cap”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteochondromas are found in what part of a long bone?

A

Metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Although some locations are more common than others, generally where can osteochondromas be found?

A

Any bone formed by endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Do the exostoses of the osteochondromas tend to point toward or away from the nearby joint?

A

AWAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A subcondylar process pointing in which direction from the joint is considered a normal finding?

A

TOWARD the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is another name for hereditary multiple exostosis?

A

Diaphyseal achalasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What condition is an inherited autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple osteochondromas often causing metaphyseal overgrowth?

A

Hereditary multiple exostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is hereditary multiple exostosis usually discovered?

A

2-10 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the average number of exostoses seen with hereditary multiple exostosis?

A

10 (can be anywhere from a few to 100 though)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How can hereditary multiple exostosis become dangerous?
5-20% become malignant, possible cord compression, possible obstructive uropathy
26
What radiographic feature of the hands can be seen with hereditary multiple exostosis?
Shortening of the 4th and 5th metacarpals
27
What radiographic feature of the fingers and toes can be seen with hereditary multiple exostosis?
Supernumerary
28
What radiographic feature of the radius can be seen with hereditary multiple exostosis?
Madelung (bending) or bayonet deformity
29
What tumor is non-neoplastic with a fluid filled cystic cavity lined with fibrous tissue?
Simple bone cyst
30
What is the usually age of occurrence of a simple bone cyst?
3-14 (80%)
31
Are solitary bone cysts painless or painful?
Painless
32
When can solitary bone cysts become painful?
When fractured
33
Where do most simple bone cysts occur?
Proximal humerus and femur (60-75%)
34
What is the specific location in a bone that a simple bone cysts grows?
Central in the metaphysis adjacent to growth plate
35
The "fallen fragment sign" is associated with what tumor?
Simple bone cyst
36
What does the "truncated cone appearance" mean in reference to a simple bone cyst?
Will never grow wider than its length
37
How can we differentiate a GCT from a simple bone cyst?
``` GCT = subarticular, eccentric, ages 20-40 SBC = metaphyseal, central, ages 3-14 ```
38
What causes the fallen fragment sign seen with a simple bone cyst?
A piece sinks to the bottom in fluid
39
How are simple bone cysts treated?
Most effective = injection of steroids post drainage (but some spontaneous regress)
40
What is the most common bone to be involved with an osteosarcoma?
Distal femur
41
Which lesion is non-neoplastic and expansile containing thin-walled blood-filled cystic cavities?
Aneurysmal bone cyst
42
What is the age range for an ABC?
10-30 (75% occur below the age of 20)
43
What is the gender bias associated with an ABC?
FEMALES
44
What are some neurological signs that can present with an ABC?
Radiculopathy or quadriplegia with spinal involvement
45
What is the most common location for an ABC?
SPINE (with predilection for posterior elements like the spinous, lamina, pedicle, transverse)
46
What flat bones are associated with an ABC?
Pelvis
47
What the is the most aggressive of the non-neoplastic lesions?
Aneurysmal bone cyst
48
Is an aneurysmal bone cyst typically blastic or lytic?
Lytic
49
How does an ABC appear?
Eccentric with soap bubble expansion
50
Which two lesions are known to be more common in females?
Hemangioma and ABC
51
What is the most common benign tumor of the clavicle?
ABC
52
How can an MRI differentiate between a GCT and ABC?
ABC would show fluid-fluid levels due to changes of blood over time
53
What is the peak age for an osteoblastoma?
10-20
54
How would a patient present with an osteoblastoma?
Dull pain, localized swelling, decreased range of motion, painful functional scoliosis (50%)
55
What is the most common location for an osteoblastoma?
Spine (40%) (uniquely, the small bones of the hands and feet)
56
What is the age range for an osteoid osteoma?
10-25
57
What are the clinical features of an osteoid osteoma?
Local pain (up to 98%) that's worse at night, decreased by activity and aspirin
58
Osteoid osteomas are found in what specific part of bone?
Meta and diaphyses of long bones
59
What tumor is associated with a nidus formation?
Osteoid osteoma
60
What is a nidus?
Hole with a sclerotic ring
61
What is the best imaging for an osteoid osteoma?
CT (shows hole/nidus in cortex)
62
What technique can be used to remove an osteoid osteoma?
Radiofrequency ablation
63
What is the term for a dark central area with a light gray around it as seen on a bone scan with an osteoid osteoma?
"Double-density sign"
64
What is a common location for an osteoid osteoma even though no bone is technically exempt?
SPINE (14%) specifically the posterior elements of lower thoracic and upper lumbars creating the painful scoliosis
65
How is the cortex affected by an osteoid osteoma which therefore differentiates it from a fibrous cortical defect?
THICKENING
66
Osteomas are tumors that arise in what kind of overall bone?
Membranous (think skull)
67
Are osteomas more commonly found in children or adults?
Adults
68
Osteomas are associated with what syndrome?
Gardner's
69
What are common locations for osteomas?
Frontal and ethmoid sinuses, calvarium, mandible, nasal bones
70
Enchondromas are found in what specific part of bone?
Medullary cavity
71
What is the age of occurrence with enchondromas?
10-30
72
Are enchondromas painful?
NO
73
What is the most common location for enchondromas?
40% in the small bones of wrists and hands
74
What is the most common benign tumor of the hands and feet?
Enchondromas
75
Are enchondromas lytic or blastic?
Lytic
76
What is the treatment for enchondromas?
Usually none...(no pain)
77
What is the name of the condition with early childhood presentation of multiple enchondromas of the hands and feet due to nonhereditary failure of cartilage ossification?
Ollier's (enchondromatosis)
78
What is the name of the condition with multiple enchondromas plus multiple soft tissue hemangiomas?
Maffucci syndrome
79
What lesion is a solitary vascular neoplasm which is slow growing and composed of newly formed capillary, cavernous, or venous blood vessels?
Hemangioma
80
At what age do hemangiomas commonly occur?
During 4-5 decades
81
What is the gender bias associated with hemangiomas?
FEMALE
82
How common are hemangiomas?
10% of overall population
83
What is the most common benign tumor of the spine?
Hemangioma
84
When do hemangiomas become symptomatic?
When the expand and cause spinal stenosis and cord compression
85
What is the most common location for a hemangioma?
Vertebral body of lower thoracics and upper lumbars, calvarium with special predilection for frontal bone
86
What are the terms used to describe the trabecular changes seen with hemangiomas?
"Accordion", "corduroy", "honeycomb"
87
If multiple vertebrae were seen to have the "corduroy" appearance that is seen with a hemangioma, what other condition should be looked at?
Osteoporosis
88
The "filled soda straw appearance" and "polka dot sign" seen on CT is associated with what tumor?
Hemangioma
89
What is the typical size of a hemangioma?
Less than 4 cm (round)
90
What is the age of occurrence for a chondroblastoma?
8-59 years (LOL, no joke) with peak age of 5-25 (88%)
91
When do chondroblastomas develop?
Before cessation of enchondral bone growth
92
What is the specific location in bone for a chondroblastoma?
Around apophysis or epiphysis in subarticular location
93
What is the most common location for a chondroblastoma?
Femur (2/3 found in lower extremities and keep in mind tarsal bones are a rare possibility
94
What other lesion is specific to the epiphysis along with a chondroblastoma?
Giant cell tumor (but is completely subarticular)
95
How can we differentiate between a giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma?
``` GCT = 20-40 YOA Chondroblastoma = 5-25 peak age ```

Diagnostic Imaging II Exam Three (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions