Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Flashcards
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in older men.
What are common symptoms of BPH?
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as increased frequency, urgency, nocturia, weak stream, hesitancy, and incomplete bladder emptying.
What causes BPH?
The exact cause is multifactorial, involving genetic, lifestyle, and hormonal factors, particularly the role of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.
How does BPH affect urination?
Enlargement of the prostate compresses the urethra, leading to obstructive urinary symptoms.
What is the role of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in BPH treatment?
They inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing prostate size and improving symptoms.
What is the significance of the transitional zone in BPH?
Most BPH arises in the transitional zone of the prostate.
What are potential complications of untreated BPH?
Acute urinary retention, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and renal impairment.
What lifestyle modifications can help manage BPH symptoms?
Reducing fluid intake before bedtime, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and regular physical activity.
What is the purpose of a digital rectal examination (DRE) in BPH assessment?
To assess prostate size, texture, and the presence of nodules or tenderness.
How is BPH diagnosed?
Through clinical evaluation, including history, physical examination (DRE), urinalysis, and measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
What is the role of alpha-blockers in BPH management?
They relax smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow and relieving symptoms.
What surgical options are available for BPH treatment?
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), laser therapy, and prostatectomy in severe cases.
How does age influence the prevalence of BPH?
The prevalence of BPH increases with age, particularly in men over 50.
What is nocturia, and how is it related to BPH?
Nocturia is the need to urinate frequently during the night, commonly associated with BPH due to incomplete bladder emptying.
What imaging studies are used in BPH evaluation?
Ultrasound to assess prostate size and check for bladder or kidney abnormalities.
Can BPH lead to prostate cancer?
BPH is a benign condition and does not lead to prostate cancer, but both can coexist.
What is the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)?
A questionnaire used to assess the severity of BPH symptoms and their impact on quality of life.
How does BPH affect sexual function?
BPH and its treatments can impact sexual function, potentially causing erectile dysfunction or ejaculatory problems.
What is acute urinary retention in the context of BPH?
A sudden inability to urinate, often painful, requiring immediate medical attention.
What role does diet play in BPH management?
A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help manage symptoms, though specific dietary changes should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
How is chronic urinary retention different from acute urinary retention in BPH?
Chronic retention involves a gradual inability to empty the bladder completely, often without pain, leading to bladder distension and potential kidney damage.
What is the significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in BPH?
PSA levels can be elevated in BPH; however, significantly high levels may warrant further investigation for prostate cancer.
How does BPH impact the quality of life?
Symptoms can interfere with daily activities, sleep, and overall well-being, emphasizing the importance of effective management.
What is the role of minimally invasive therapies in BPH treatment?
Procedures like transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) and transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) offer alternatives to surgery with fewer side effects.
Why is regular follow-up important in BPH management?
To monitor symptom progression, treatment effectiveness, and detect any complications early.
