Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 1

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer 1

BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in older men.

Question 2

What are common symptoms of BPH?

Answer 2

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as increased frequency, urgency, nocturia, weak stream, hesitancy, and incomplete bladder emptying.

Question 3

What causes BPH?

Answer 3

The exact cause is multifactorial, involving genetic, lifestyle, and hormonal factors, particularly the role of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.

Question 4

How does BPH affect urination?

Answer 4

Enlargement of the prostate compresses the urethra, leading to obstructive urinary symptoms.

Question 5

What is the role of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors in BPH treatment?

Answer 5

They inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, reducing prostate size and improving symptoms.

Question 6

What is the significance of the transitional zone in BPH?

Answer 6

Most BPH arises in the transitional zone of the prostate.

Question 7

What are potential complications of untreated BPH?

Answer 7

Acute urinary retention, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and renal impairment.

Question 8

What lifestyle modifications can help manage BPH symptoms?

Answer 8

Reducing fluid intake before bedtime, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and regular physical activity.

Question 9

What is the purpose of a digital rectal examination (DRE) in BPH assessment?

Answer 9

To assess prostate size, texture, and the presence of nodules or tenderness.

Question 10

How is BPH diagnosed?

Answer 10

Through clinical evaluation, including history, physical examination (DRE), urinalysis, and measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Question 11

What is the role of alpha-blockers in BPH management?

Answer 11

They relax smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow and relieving symptoms.

Question 12

What surgical options are available for BPH treatment?

Answer 12

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), laser therapy, and prostatectomy in severe cases.

Question 13

How does age influence the prevalence of BPH?

Answer 13

The prevalence of BPH increases with age, particularly in men over 50.

Question 14

What is nocturia, and how is it related to BPH?

Answer 14

Nocturia is the need to urinate frequently during the night, commonly associated with BPH due to incomplete bladder emptying.

Question 15

What imaging studies are used in BPH evaluation?

Answer 15

Ultrasound to assess prostate size and check for bladder or kidney abnormalities.

Question 16

Can BPH lead to prostate cancer?

Answer 16

BPH is a benign condition and does not lead to prostate cancer, but both can coexist.

Question 17

What is the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)?

Answer 17

A questionnaire used to assess the severity of BPH symptoms and their impact on quality of life.

Question 18

How does BPH affect sexual function?

Answer 18

BPH and its treatments can impact sexual function, potentially causing erectile dysfunction or ejaculatory problems.

Question 19

What is acute urinary retention in the context of BPH?

Answer 19

A sudden inability to urinate, often painful, requiring immediate medical attention.

Question 20

What role does diet play in BPH management?

Answer 20

A healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables may help manage symptoms, though specific dietary changes should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Question 21

How is chronic urinary retention different from acute urinary retention in BPH?

Answer 21

Chronic retention involves a gradual inability to empty the bladder completely, often without pain, leading to bladder distension and potential kidney damage.

Question 22

What is the significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in BPH?

Answer 22

PSA levels can be elevated in BPH; however, significantly high levels may warrant further investigation for prostate cancer.

Question 23

How does BPH impact the quality of life?

Answer 23

Symptoms can interfere with daily activities, sleep, and overall well-being, emphasizing the importance of effective management.

Question 24

What is the role of minimally invasive therapies in BPH treatment?

Answer 24

Procedures like transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) and transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) offer alternatives to surgery with fewer side effects.

Question 25

Why is regular follow-up important in BPH management?

Answer 25

To monitor symptom progression, treatment effectiveness, and detect any complications early.