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Gen Med: Dermatology > Benign Neoplams of the skin > Flashcards

Benign Neoplams of the skin Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the benign neoplasms of the skin?

A
  1. Disorders of Melanocytes
  2. Disorders of Blood Vessels
  3. Cystic lesions
  4. Epidermal, Dermal and Subcutis Neoplasms
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of nevi/moles?

A
  1. Skin tumors composed of melanocyte-derived nevus cells
  2. Aquired in childhood to young adulthood
    A. Nevi appearing after 30yo should be considered suspicious
  3. Seen mostly on sun exposed skin
    A. Sun exposure is a stimulus for nevus growth
    B. Sun protected areas with Nevi should be considered suspicious
  4. Usually asymptomatic
    A. Occasional irritation if raised and aggrevated
    B. Sudden skin symptoms of itch/pain/bleeding should be considered suspicious
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3
Q

What is congenital nevi?

A

Appear at birth or infancy (MM risk)

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4
Q

What is Common Pigmented Nevi?

A

Junctional (flat), Compound (semi raised, Dermal (raised)

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5
Q

What is blue nevi?

A

Intense Pigment deeper in Dermis

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6
Q

What is nevus spilus?

A

Tan macule with several smaller brown nevi

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7
Q

What is spitz nevus?

A

Dome shaped red/pink papule seen in kids

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8
Q

What is halo nevi?

A

Nevus with surrounding hypopigmentation

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9
Q

What size nevi is considered benign?

A

<10 cm

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10
Q

What are the disorders of blood vessels?

A
  1. Cherry Angioma
  2. Pyogenic Granuloma
  3. Hemangioma
  4. Port Wine Stain
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11
Q

Define cherry angiomas

A
  1. Very common, aquired, and seen in adults and elderly
  2. 1-5mm, few to many
  3. Red to Purple
  4. Papules
  5. Distributed to Trunk and Upper Extr
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12
Q

Define pyogenic granulomas

A
  1. Sudden eruption of lesion
  2. 5-10mm, soft, red papules
  3. Arise on skin > mucosa
  4. Friable = Bleed easily!
  5. MC on head/neck and hands
  6. Etiology unknown
  7. 1/3 occur after local trauma
  8. MC in kids and young adults
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13
Q

What is the tx for pyogenic granulomas?

A

ED&C or Surg. Exc.

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14
Q

Define hemangioma

A
  1. MC benign vascular neoplasm of childhood (begins at 2-8wk of age)
  2. Rapid growth during 1st yr
  3. Complete regression 50% by 5yo
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15
Q

What are the clinical subtypes of hemangiomas?

A
  1. Superficial – bright red papules
  2. Deep – soft blue nodule
  3. Mixed – combo of above
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16
Q

What are the complications of hemangioma?

A
  1. Complications when ulcerates (diaper area) or obstructs vital functioning
  2. Post regression sequelae include hypopig, telang, excess skin, scar
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17
Q

What is the tx for hemangiomas?

A
  1. Spont Regression
  2. Lasar tx
  3. Propanolol
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18
Q

Define port wine stain

A
  1. Type of Vascular Malformation
  2. Larger variant of a nevus flammeus
    A. Stork bite or Angel kiss’s
  3. Pink to Red midline macule/patch
  4. MC seen as unilateral
    A. Bilateral though in 40% of pts
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19
Q

How are port wine stains treated?

A

Lasar tx with PDL (Tx early!)

20
Q

What are the complications from port wine stains?

A
  1. Dermal fibrosis with age = cobblestoning
  2. Soft tissue and bony hypertrophy
  3. Sturge-Weber syndrome
    A. Trigeminal nerve Ophthalmic/Maxillary branchs
    B. Underlying Leptomeningeal involement
    C. Glaucoma, Seizures, Intellectual Impairment
21
Q

What are the benign cystic lesions of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermal Cyst
  2. Milium
  3. Pilar Cyst
22
Q

What is an epidermal cyst?

A
  1. Firm dome shaped, pale, cystic nodule that is mobile
  2. Keratin filled cyst originating from hair follicle infundibulum
    A. Found in hairy areas
    B. Puctum present from hair origin
  3. Wall is thin
    A. Rupture = foreign body rxn
    B. Repeated rupture = scarring
23
Q

What is the tx for an epidermal cyst?

A

Surg Exc.

24
Q

What are milium?

A
  1. 1-2mm superficial white/yellow keratin containing epidermal cyst occuring around eyelids, cheeks, forehead
  2. Occurs at any age
25
Q

How are milium treated?

A

I&D

26
Q

What is a pilar cyst?

A
  1. .5 to 5cm, Smooth, dome shaped, nodule/cyst containing keratin
  2. Located on scalp
  3. Few or many may be present
  4. Cyst wall is thick
    A. Rupture = Inflammation
27
Q

What is the tx for pilar cyst?

A

Surgical excision

28
Q

what are the benign neoplasms of the epidermal, dermal, and subq?

A
  1. Ephelides & Lentigos
  2. Seborrheic Keratosis
  3. Keratocanthoma
  4. Sebacous Hyperplasia
  5. Dermatofibromas
  6. Skin Tags
  7. Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids
  8. Lipomas
29
Q

What are ephelides?

A
  1. Ephelides = Freckles
    A. <30yo
    B. Acute presentation secondary to sun exposure
30
Q

What are lentigos?

A
  1. Lentigos = Liver/Sun Spots
    A. >30yo
    B. Caused by chr sun exposure
31
Q

What is seborrheic keratosis?

A
  1. Common epidermal lesion w/ variable clinical features
    A. Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra
    B. Stucco Keratosis
    C. Inflammed Keratosis
  2. MC seen in adults >30yo
  3. Mult keratosis = inherited
  4. Asymptomatic unless irritation due to location of keratosis
  5. .2-2cm flat/raised, smooth/verrucous surface, varied in color and sharply demarcated with waxy-stuck on appearance with keratin pearls (horn cysts) and are orientated along skin cleavage lines and distr to head/neck, trunk and extr’s
32
Q

What is a keratocanthoma?

A
  1. Epidermal tumor on sun exposed skin
  2. Controversy over benign vs malignant
    A. Difficult to differentiate from SCC
    B. 10% of KA’s develop into SCC
  3. Sudden appearance of a 1-2cm skin colored dome shaped papule with central keratin filled plug
33
Q

What is the tx for keratocanthomas?

A
  1. Spont regression over wks-mos

2. TX = Surg Exc

34
Q

What is sebacous hyperplasia?

A
  1. Scattered and enlarged sebaceous glands
  2. Located to the face
  3. MC seen in older adults
  4. Asymptomatic
  5. 1-2mm soft pale yellow to skin colored umbillicated papules
35
Q

What are the ddx for sebacous hyperplasia?

A
  1. Diff Dx = BCC, Moll Cont
    A. Yield sebum with pressure
    B. Uniform Telangiectasia
36
Q

What is the tx for sebacous hyperplasia?

A

Cryo, ED&C, Lasar tx

37
Q

What is a dermatofibroma?

A
  1. 3 – 3cm flesh to brown, firm, dome shaped or depressed, fixed yet movable nodule
  2. Lateral pressure elicits the “Dimple Sign”
  3. MC seen on Extr’s
  4. MC seen in Women
  5. Cause is unkn (?trauma)
  6. Asympt or mildly tender/itchy
38
Q

What is the tx for dermatofibroma?

A

Surg Exc (if sympt)

39
Q

What is a skin tag?

A
  1. 1 – 10mm flesh to brown, soft, pedunculated/flat/filiformis papules
  2. MC seen on Eyelids, Neck, and intertriginous areas
  3. MC in women >30yo and Obesity
  4. Cause is unkn (?trauma)
  5. Asymptomatic
    A. Irritation from location or thrombosed
40
Q

What is the tx for skin tags?

A

Snip Exc, Cryo, ED (if sympt)

41
Q

What is hypertrophic scars and keloids?

A
  1. Inappropriately exuberant healing response to trauma occuring in predisposed pt’s
  2. MC in darker skin types (IV, V, VI)
  3. MC seen above waste
42
Q

How are hypertrophic scars and keloids different?

A
  1. Hypertrophic
    A. Confined to site of injury
  2. Keloids
    A. Extend beyond site of injury
43
Q

What is the tx for hypertrophic scars and keloids?

A

Prevention, IL Kenalog, Radiation, Laser tx

44
Q

What is lipoma?

A
  1. Small to large, soft, rounded or lobulated, mobile nodules to subcutis
  2. Single or multiple
  3. Tumors orig. in adipose tissue
  4. Asymptomatic
  5. MC seen on Neck, Trunk, Extr
45
Q

What is the tx for lipomas?

A

Surg Exc (if sympt)

Gen Med: Dermatology (10 decks)

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