Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 6 - Oral Surgery > Benign Mucosal Lesions > Flashcards

Benign Mucosal Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 7 categories that an oral/mucosa lesion can be according to the SURGICAL SIEVE APPROACH?

A
  • Congenital.
  • Traumatic.
  • Autoimmune.
  • Metabolic.
  • Infective.
  • Inflammatory.
  • Idiopathic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two types of congenital oral/mucosal lesions?

A
  • Leukodema
  • Fordyce spots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Leukodema? Where is it often located? What causes it? What does it look like?

A
  • White/grey discoloration.
  • Outwith the area that would normally be traumatized by the teeth.
  • Caused by THICKENING of the mucosa.
  • Often there is a FH.
  • Asymptomatic.
  • Benign.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are fordyce spots? Where are they often located?

A
  • Ectopic sebaceous glands.
  • Within the BUCCAL MUCOSA or LIPS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes erosions and ulcers? What is the difference between the two?

A

LOSS OF THE SUPERFICIAL EPITHELIAL LAYER DUE TO TRAUMA

  • Ulcers: full thickness of epithelium.
  • Erosions: only upper epithelial lost.
    thus depends on HOW ACUTE THE TRAUMA IS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 3 things that can cause ulcers?

A
  • Dentures.
  • Restorations.
  • Direct trauma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for ulcers?

A

Irradicate the source and review resolution. Must have resolution within 14 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5 factors to aphthous ulcers?

A
  1. Genetic.
  2. Hormonal.
  3. Trauma.
  4. Hematinic deficiency (ferritin, B12, Follate).
  5. Food stuffs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What % of the population experiences aphthous ulcers?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the white patch around an ulcer called? What does it do?

A

Keratosis.
- The body’s attempt to form a barrier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for aphthous ulcers?

A
  • Self resolving thus treatment is SYMPTOMATIC (analgesia).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is habitual chewing of the inside of the cheek called?

A

Morsicatio buccarum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is meant if you see a white patch following trauma? What if an ulcer forms?

A
  • JUST WHITE PATCH: Often occurs when the trauma is CHRONIC and LOW-GRADE.
  • ULCER FORMATION: More ACUTE trauma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can you differentiate between morsicatio buccarum Vs leukodema?

A

Not as extensive as would be seen in leukodema - limited to around the occlusal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is linea alba?

A

White line at the level of the occlusal plane on the buccal mucosa.
- Bilateral.
- May also see scalloped lateral tongue (from patient pushing tongue against teeth when clenching).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes linea alba?

A
  • Associated with clenching.
  • Sucking habits.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are polyps?

A

Benign growths of mucosa with fibrous centre.
- Mucosa appears healthy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 types of polyps?

A
  • Pedunculated: have a small stock.
  • Sessile: broad based.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes polyp formation?

A
  • An episode of trauma, ex. cheek biting habit.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for polyps?

A
  • Excision of the lesion under LA.
  • Only done because they may get so large that the patient keeps on biting on them, causing bother.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an amalgam tattoo?

A
  • Metal inclusion in the mucosa (taken up by macrophages).
  • Usually benign.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What may cause an amalgam tattoo?

A
  • When an amalgam restoration is replaced/ restore and a small amount of amalgam is released into the tissues at high speed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Do we need to take biopsy of amalgam tattoos?

A
  • Must undertake BIOPSY to establish diagnosis as amalgam tattoos look similar to MUCOSAL MELANOMAS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What causes denture induced hyperplasia?

A
  • Ill-fitting dentures.
  • Wear their dentures 24/7
  • Dentures are very old.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is denture induced hyperplasia?

A
  • Overgrowths of tissue that grow around the flange of an ill-fitting denture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the treatment for denture induced hyperplasia?

A
  • Excision of the lesion.
  • New dentures.
  • Systemic antifungals (if superimposed candidal infection).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What may be superimposed with denture induced hyperplasia?

A
  • Patients may also have an ORAL CANDIDA INFECTION due to poor OH.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the treatment for oral candida infection underneath dentures?

A
  • Systemic antifungals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment for mucocoele?

A

Excision of the mucocoele AND the minor salivary gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is a mucocoele?

A
  • Mucous EXTRAVASATION cyst of a MINOR salivary gland.
  • usually PAINLESS.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What causes a mucocoele?

A

Trauma to the lip (usually lower), causing a “blister” to form in the lower lip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the physiological process of mucocoele formation?

A

Saliva escapes from the damaged duct into the surrounding lip and causes a swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens once a mucocoele bursts?

A

Clear fluid is released and it goes down in size. however, as the broken duct is still present the mucocoele will reform. It will now be FIBROSED and more established.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 types of FUNGAL infections of the mouth?

A
  • Denture induced.
  • Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis.
  • Candidal leukoplakia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 types of VIRAL infections of the mouth?

A
  • Human papilloma virus.
  • Herpes virus.
34
Q

What is the common name for oral acute pseudomembranous candidiasis?

35
Q

What is the clinical presentation of thrust?

A
  • White plaques that wipe free, leaving a red base.
36
Q

What is the treatment for thrush?

A
  • Systemic antifungals
    (can use topical but not as effective).
37
Q

What could recurrent acute pseudomembranous candidiasis suggest?

A
  • Underlying IMMUNOCOMPROMISE
  • Ex. undiagnosed diabetes etc.
38
Q

What is the oral presentation of candidal leukoplakia?

A
  • White/red/ speckled lesion on the inside of the commisure - can be unilateral or bilateral.
  • Does NOT wipe off.
39
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

A white patch that does NOT wipe off and cannot be attributed to any other cause.

40
Q

What is the treatment for oral candidal leukoplakia?

A
  • 2 week systemic antifungals.
  • If not improvement, biopsy is mandatory as the lesion could be potentially or frankly malignant lesion.
41
Q

What causes papillomas?

A
  • Associated with the LOW RISK HPV.
42
Q

What is the clinical presentation of oral papillomas?

A
  • Sessile or pedunculated.
  • Asymptomatic.
  • Can become traumatised.
43
Q

What is the treatment for papillomas?

44
Q

What factors can cause reactivation of herpes (4)?

A
  • Stress.
  • Immunocompromise.
  • Sun exposure.
  • Hormonal problems.
45
Q

What causes secondary herpes?

A

Reactivation of latent virus in the trigeminal system.

46
Q

What is the clinical presentation of secondary herpes?

A
  • Tingling sensation before vesicles develop on the lip.
  • When vesicles rupture and crust, they are transmissible.
47
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores?

A

Topical antivirals.

48
Q

3 types of oral INFLAMMATORY lesions?

A
  • Geographic tongue.
  • Lichenoid reactions.
  • Epulis.
49
Q

What is the physiological cause behind geographic tongue?

A
  • abnormality of the turning over of the epithelium of the dorsum of the tongue.
  • Usually ASYMPTOMATIC.
  • Red: areas of atrophy.
  • White: areas of hyperkeratosis.
50
Q

What is another name for geographic tongue?

A

Benign migratory glossitis

51
Q

What can be used to treat symptomatic geographic tongue (2)?

A
  • Local anesthetic mouthwash.
  • Steroid mouthwash (if very severe).
52
Q

4 things that are sometime associated with geographic tongue?

A
  • Runs in families.
  • Psoriasis.
  • Fissured tongue.
  • Vitamin B deficiency.
53
Q

What are 2 causes of lichenoid reaction?

A
  • Reaction to METAL (due to chronic low grade irritation OR genuine allergy to metal).
  • Reaction to MEDICATION
54
Q

How can a lichenoid lesion present in the mouth (3)?

A

Can present as:
- White plaques.
- Red components.
- Erosions or ulcerations.
- Often ASYMPTOMATIC.

55
Q

3 types of drugs that can induce a lichenoid lesion?

A
  • Antihypertensives.
  • hypoglycaemics.
  • NSAIDs.
56
Q

What is the difference in oral presentation of lichenoid reaction induced by medications VS reaction to metal?

A
  • Reaction to metal: limited to CONTACT lesions and thus often unilateral.
  • Reaction to medication: Usually SYMMETRICAL presentation.
57
Q

Do we need biopsy of lichenoid lesions?

A
  • YES.
  • Lichenoid lesions can have CELLULAR ATYPIA and can thus be POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT LESIONS.
  • Biopsy to determine whether they have cellular atypia.
58
Q

What does the term epulis mean?

A
  • Growth on the gum.
59
Q

What are 2 types of epulis?

A
  • Fibrous epulis.
  • Pyogenic granuloma.
60
Q

What is the clinical presentation of fibrous epulis? What causes a fibrous epulis?

A
  • Associated with the GINGIVAL MARGIN of teeth.
  • Normal overlying mucosa and fibrous centre.
  • Difficult to clean around and can bleed when attempting to clean around it.
  • Caused by CHRONIC IRRITATION - stimulates a chronic granulation response (ex. rough enamel, restoration margin, caries).
61
Q

What is the clinical presentation of pyogenic granuloma? What causes it?

A
  • Appears on the gum but is a MORE VASCULAR LESION.
  • Associated with females during PREGNANCY so may have a HORMONAL ASSOCIATION.
  • VERY prone to bleeding.
62
Q

What is the treatment for epulis?

A
  • Can be EXCISED.
  • Pyogenic granuloma can resolve after childbirth.
63
Q

What is a metabolic disease that can have oral manifestations?

A
  • ADDISON’S DISEASE
64
Q

What causes addison’s disease?

A
  • Primary ADRENAL insufficiency.
  • Causes deficiency of CORTISOL AND ALDOSTERONE.
65
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Addison’s disease?

A
  • Widespread SYMMETRICAL SKIN PIGMENTATION.
  • Can cause SYMMETRICAL ORAL MUCOSAL PIGMENTATION.
66
Q

Do we need biopsy of oral pigmentation caused by addison’s disease?

A

YES - to rule out anything more sinister like melanoma.

67
Q

What is the clinical presentation of melanotic macule?

A
  • Round or oval, brown or black pigmented area on the LIP or ANY MUCOSAL SURFACE.
  • ASYMPTOMATIC.
  • BENIGN.
68
Q

What causes melanotic macule? Who is more likely to have it?

A
  • Aetiology: trauma (common) or idiopathic.
  • Common in the 50+ age group, more common in F.
69
Q

What is the treatment for melanotic macule?

A
  • Biopsy for diagnosis
  • Excision for aesthetics
70
Q

2 autoimmune conditions that can affect the oral mucosa?

A
  • Lichen planus.
  • Vesiculobullous conditions.
71
Q

3 ways lichen planus can present in the mouth?

A
  • Erosions.
  • Plaques.
  • Reticular (lace-like).
  • Can be either BILATERAL or UNILATERAL.
72
Q

Why is a known lichen planus diagnosis important?

A
  • Lichen planus is known as a POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT CONDITION hence these patients must be monitored in case they undergo malignant transformation.
73
Q

What is lichen planus? How widespread is it?

A
  • Autoimmune inflammatory conditions.
  • 1-2% population.
  • F>M.
74
Q

Do we need to take a biopsy of a lichen planus lesion?

A

YES to determine the diagnosis.
- These lesions can look like potentially malignant lesions + lichen planus is a known potentially malignant condition so these patients must be monitored in case they undergo malignant transformation.

75
Q

What are vesiculobullous conditions?

A
  • Autoimmune inflammatory conditions.
76
Q

What is the oral presentation of vesiculobullous conditions?

A

Painful blisters that rupture into erosions and ulcers

77
Q

What is the management of vesiculobullous conditions?

A

Biopsy to determine diagnosis

78
Q

What is an example of an idiopathic oral lesion?

79
Q

What is a lipoma?

A
  • Benign mesenchymal neoplasm.
  • Made up of fat cells surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule.
80
Q

What causes lipomas?

A

cause unknown

81
Q

What is the clinical presentation of lipomas?

A
  • yellow lump.
  • can be penduculated or cessile.
  • asymptomatic until large enough to become traumatised.
82
Q

What is the treatment for lipomas?

A

If large enough that they are becoming traumatised, treatment is EXCISION.

83
Q

6 oral lesions that can be caused due to trauma?

A
  • Erosions/ ulcers.
  • Frictional keratosis.
  • Polyps.
  • Denture induced hyperplasia.
  • Amalgam tattoos.
  • Mucoceles

Module 6 - Oral Surgery (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions