Benign Leukocytoses

Question 1

marginated?

Answer 1

Half of neutrophils in the blood are stuck against the side of blood vessels = marginated

Question 2

types of neutrophilia

Answer 2

mature (lots of segmented neutrophils)

immature (lots of immature neutrophils)

Question 3

causes of mature neutrophilia

Answer 3

infection (bacterial)
inflammation
physiologic things - stress, hormones

Question 4

toxic changes are only seen in

Answer 4

infection

Question 5

toxic changes:

Answer 5

Toxic granulation, Döhle bodies, cytoplasmic vacuolization (scariest)

Question 6

dohle bodies

Answer 6

blue little spots in neutrophils

Question 7

causes of immature neutrophilia

Answer 7

Infection (bacterial)
Inflammation
Severe anemia
Something filling up the marrow

Question 8

three forms of immature neutrophilia

Answer 8

left shift
leukemoid reaction
leukoerythroblastotic reaction

Question 9

left shift

Answer 9

immature neutrophils (ie band cellls, metamyelocytse)

Question 10

leukemoid reaction

Answer 10

looks like leukemia but it isnt

Question 11

leukoerythroblastotic

Answer 11

due to something malignant or benign

left shift but also have some nucleated red blood cells - more worrisome

Question 12

normal immunophenotype in blood

Answer 12

T cells: 80%
B cells: 15%
NK cells: 5%

Question 13

types of lymphocytosis

Answer 13

mature

reactive (funny looking lymphocytes)

Question 14

causes of mature lymphocytosis

Answer 14

Infectious lymphocytosis
Bordetella pertussis
Transient stress

Question 15

causes of reactive lymphocytosis

Answer 15

Infectious mononucleosis
Pediatric viral infections
Viral hepatitis
Immune disorders

Question 16

Downey cells

Answer 16

big cytoplasm - Downey II cells

see in mono (reactive lymphocytosis)

Question 17

benign vs malignant neutrophilia

Answer 17

left shift:
toxic changes maybe
fewer immature cells
no basophilia
LAP normal/increased 

CML: 
super high WBC
lots of immature cells
basophilia
LAP decreased

Question 18

The best way to differentiate

benign neutrophilia from CML:

Answer 18

cytogenetics

Question 19

benign vs malignant lymphocytosis

Answer 19

reactive:
atypical lymphocytes, young

mature:
mature lymphocytes, very young

CLL:
mature lymphocytes, monomorphous, older

Question 20

The best way to differentiate

benign lymphocytosis from CLL:

Answer 20

Immunophenotyping.

Question 21

What do you think of when you see basophilia

Answer 21

CML

Question 22

what causes eosinophilia

Answer 22

Drugs
Asthma
Skin diseases
Parasites

Question 23

what causes monocytosis

Answer 23

Infection
Autoimmune disease
Malignancy