Benign eye disease Flashcards
What is Strabismus?
Misalignment of the visual axes (squint)
What are the two types of strabismus?
Concomitant - due to implanace in extraocular muscles. Convergent is more common than divergent.
Paralytic - due to paralysis in extraocular muscles
Management and complications of strabismus?
Management - referral for ssecodnary care for eye patch.
Complication - amblyopia (brain favors one eye)
What is amblyopia and its causes
It is a developmental defect resulting from abnormal visual stimulation in childhood leading to a lazy eye.
It can be caused by squints, unequal refractive error, congenital cataracts, tumours blocking visual axis.
Presentation and management of amblyopia
Presentation - reduced visual acuity, cloudy vision, poor depth perception, squinting, eye fatigue, stabismus.
Management - Critical age to treat is up for age 8 (good eye patched or penalised with atropine). Rarely successful there after.
Name some benign eyelid lesions and their causes and treatment?
Squamous papillomas - HPV, surgically removed due to cosmetic convcern.
Seborrheic keratosis - aging. Removed with cryotherapy.
Styes and chalazion - blocked glands on the eyelid. May resolve spontaneously or require topical antibiotic treatment.
Molluscum contagiosum - viral
Xanthelasma - high cholesterol levels
Dacryocystitis - blockage of nasolacrimal gland. Treat with topical or oral antibiotics
Features of horner’s syndrome?
Miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos (sinked eye) and anhidrosis (loss of sweating on one side)
What are the different causes of Horner’s syndrome?
Central lesions - Stroke, Syringomyelia, multiple Sclerosis, encephalitis. Presents with anhidrosis of face, arm and trunk.
Pre-ganglionic lesions - pancoast Tumour, Thyroidectomy, Trauma, cervical rib. Anhidrosis of face.
Post-ganglionic lesions - Carotid artery dissection, Carotid aneurysm, Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Cluster headache. No anhidrosis.
