Benign bone tumours (Complete)

Question 1

Name the 5 main types of benign bone tumours

Answer 1

Osteoid osteoma

Osteoma

Enchondroma

Osteochondroma

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 2

What type of benign bone tumors are most common in adolescents?

Answer 2

Osteochondroma

Osteoid osteoma

Question 3

What is the most common type of benign bone tumor in adolsecents?

Answer 3

Osteochondroma

Question 4

What is the overall most common benign bone tumour?

Answer 4

Osteochondroma

Question 5

Define osteochondroma

Answer 5

Type of benign bone tumour characteristed by cartillage-capped bony outgrowths

Question 6

Osteochondroma is most likely to occur in which sites?

Answer 6

Metaphysis of long bones near tendon attachment sites

Question 7

What X-ray findings are suggestive of osteochondroma?

Answer 7

Well defined bony protuberance from bone

Question 8

What histlogical findings are suggestive of osteochondroma?

Answer 8

Bony stalk with cartillage cap

Question 9

Define osteoid osteoma

Answer 9

Type of benign bone tumour characterised by a small painful lesion called a nidus, sorrounded by reactive bone formation

Question 10

Osteoid osteoma are more common in which sex?

Answer 10

Males (2:1)

Question 11

Osteoid osteoma is more common in which locations?

Answer 11

Long shaft of bone, specifically:

Diaphysis of tibia

Proximal femur

Question 12

Osteoid osteomas are typically painful, similar to malignant bone tumours. What is a key distinguishing feature?

Answer 12

Night pain is relieved by aspirin

Question 13

What X-ray findings are suggestive of osteoid osteoma?

Answer 13

Central nidus (luscent) sorrounded by a sclerotic rim (opaque)

AKA “Bull’s-eye”

Question 14

What histological findings can be seen in patients with osteoid osteoma?

Answer 14

Normal bone arising from osteoblasts

Question 15

What benign bone tumours are more common in middle-aged individuals?

Answer 15

Osteoma

Enchondroma

Fibrous dysplasia

N.B. Osteochondroma is most common in adults but can start arising in adolescent

Question 16

Define osteoma

Answer 16

Benign bone tumour arising from lamellar bone

Question 17

Where are osteomas commonly located?

Answer 17

Head and neck

Question 18

Osteomas are associated with which genetic condition?

Answer 18

Gardner’s syndrome

Variant of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) characterised by:

• GI polyps
• Epidermoid cysts
• Osteomas

Question 19

What histological findings are seen with osteomas?

Answer 19

Normal

Question 20

Define endochondroma

Answer 20

Benign tumours of cartillage

Question 21

Endochondroma are commonly found in which location?

Answer 21

Hands (43%)

Endochrondroma –> end = hands

Question 22

What signs on X-ray are suggestive of endochrondroma?

Answer 22

Cotton wool calcifications

Popcorn calcifications

Question 23

What histological findings are suggestive of endochondroma?

Answer 23

Normal cartilage

Calcified matrix

Question 24

Define fibrous dysplasia

Answer 24

Benign bone disorder where bone is replaced by fibrous tissue

Question 25

Where is fibrous dyplasia commonly located?

Answer 25

Femur Ribs

Question 26

Fibrous dysplasia is more common in which sex?

Answer 26

Females

Question 27

What syndrome is commonly associated with fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 27

McCune-Albright syndrome

Question 28

What are the main features of McCune-Albright syndrome?

Answer 28

Triad of the following: Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Precoccious puberty Cafe au lait spots

Question 29

What X-ray findings can be seen with fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 29

Soap bubble osteolysis Shepherd's crook deformity

Question 30

What histological findings are suggestive of fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 30

Chinese letters (misshapen bone trabeculae)

Question 31

What is the most likely cause based on these findings? Bony outgrowth located in metaphysis of distal femor Histology shows bony stalk with cartillagenous cap

Answer 31

Osteochondroma

Question 32

What is the most likely underlying cause based on these findings? Bony outgrowth located on forehead of patient who has history of GI polyps and noteable epidermoid cysts. Histological findings normal

Answer 32

Osteoma ## Footnote Secondary to Gardner's syndrome

Question 33

What is the most likely underlying cause based on these findings? Teenager presenting with nocturnal bone pain relieved with aspirin. Small mass felt on proximal femur. X-ray shows central nidus (luscent) with a sceloritc rim (Bull's-eye). Histological findings show normal bone arising from osteoblasts

Answer 33

Osteoid osteoma

Question 34

What is the most likely underlying cause based on these findings? Female patient presenting with mass on femur. Cafe au lait spots seen on examination. X-ray shows soap-bubble osteolysis with Shephard's crook deformity. Mishapen bone trabeculae (Chinese letters) seen on histological samples

Answer 34

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 35

What is the most likely underlying cause based on these findings? Patient presenting with mass on hand. X-ray findings show cotton wool calcification Histological findings normal

Answer 35

Endochondroma