Benchmarks: Nutrition

Question 1

What are the nutrient requirements for Dry cows?

DMI (%BW)

Answer 1

Far-Off: 1.6

Close-up: 2.0

Question 2

NEL (Mcal/lb)

Answer 2

Far: 0.60
Close: 0.68

Question 3

Crude Protein (CP) % DM

Answer 3

Far: 13
Close: 15

Question 4

SIP % of CP

Answer 4

Far: 35-40
Close: 30

Question 5

UIP (RDP);% of CP

Answer 5

Far-up: 25-30

Close-up: 35-40

Question 6

ADF, %

Answer 6

Far-up: 30

Close-up: 24

Question 7

NDF, %

Answer 7

Far-up: 40

Close-up: 33

Question 8

Forage NDF, %

Answer 8

Far-up: 30

Close-up: 24

Question 9

NFC, % Max

Answer 9

Far-up: 30

Close-up: 34

Question 10

Crude fat, %

Answer 10

Far-up: 2

Close-up: 3

Question 11

Potassium, %

Answer 11

Far-up: 0.65

Close-up: 0.65

Question 12

Nutrient: % DM

Ca

Answer 12

1

Question 13

Nutrient: % DM

P

Answer 13

0.30-0.40

Question 14

Nutrient: % DM

Mg

Answer 14

0.30

Question 15

Nutrient: % DM

K

Answer 15

0.65

Question 16

Nutrient: % DM

Na

Answer 16

0.07

Question 17

Nutrient: % DM

Cl

Answer 17

0.15

Question 18

Nutrient: % DM

S

Answer 18

0.2-0.3

Question 19

Lactating cows

DMI (% BW)

Answer 19

3.2

Question 20

Lactating cows

NEL (Mcal/lb)

Answer 20

0.72-0.74

Question 21

Lactating cows
Crude Protein (CP) % DM

Answer 21

16-18

Question 22

Lactating cows

ADF, %

Answer 22

19-21%

Question 23

Lactating cows

NDF, %

Answer 23

Min 28 ; Max 31

Question 24

Lactating cows

Forage NDF, %

Answer 24

75

Question 25

Lactating cows

NFC, % Max

Answer 25

40

Question 26

Lactating cows

Crude fat, %

Answer 26

6

Question 27

Lactating cows

Forage: Concentrate

Answer 27

60%:40%

Question 28

How much time cows spend away from the feed bunk?

Answer 28

Maximum 3 hours/day

Question 29

How long should feed be available

Answer 29

> 20 Hours/day

Question 30

What should be the % of weigh backs (orts)

Answer 30

2-4 percent

Question 31

How long should cows be in the holding pen and parlor

Answer 31

< 1 1/2 hr per milking

Question 32

What is the 1-2-3 rule?

Answer 32

1: +/- one unit of crude protein
2: +/- two units of ADF
3: +/- three units of dry matter

Question 33

What should the Penn State Separator be for TMR

Answer 33

TMR
top:> 10
middle: > 30
Bottom: < 50

Question 34

What should the all herd be at 150-225 DIM in FE

Answer 34

FE= 1.4 – 1.6

Question 35

What should the 1st lactation be at Peak-225 DIM in FE

Answer 35

1.3 – 1.5

Question 36

What should fresh cows be at < 25 days in FE

Answer 36

1.2 – 1.3

Question 37

What are the problem herds at 150-225 DIM at FE

Answer 37

<1.3

Question 38

What are the field tools of nutrition

Answer 38

• Milk yield changes
• Milk component changes
• Manure appearance
• Grain in manure
• Signs of acidosis