Benchmark Review

Question 1

New England-Puritan, economy based on trade, cold rocky solid

Middle - diverse, good relationship with Native Americans, staple crops

South-Plantation cash crops, relied on slave labor

Southern

Answer 1

Colonial Regions Characteristics

Question 2

Britain’s unofficial policy, to relax the enforcement of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth centuries.

Answer 2

Salutary Neglect

Question 3

William Penn was a Quaker who founded Pennsylvania, a refuge for other Quakers. Establish a diverse colony and had a good relationship with Native Americans

Answer 3

William Penn and Pennsylvania

Question 4

a revival of religious feeling and belief in the American colonies that began in the 1730s, inspired the American Revolution

Answer 4

First Great Awakening

Question 5

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Answer 5

Mayflower Compact

Question 6

Created by Ben Franklin to try to unite the colonies towards fighting the French. This is later used in the American Revolution.

Answer 6

Join or Die Cartoon

Question 7

Examples of Self Government in the Colonies

Answer 7

1. House of Burgesses
2. Mayflower Compact
3. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
4. Town Meetings
5. Colonial Charters

Question 8

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won and the colonists were not treated as equals

Answer 8

French & Indian War

Question 9

Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.

Answer 9

Battle of Saratoga

Question 10

if natural rights are being violated people can replace their government

Answer 10

Right of Revolution (Locke)

Question 11

Individual Rights that protect citizens from the government

Answer 11

Bill of Rights

Question 12

reflected the colonists’ belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament

Answer 12

No Taxation without Representation

Question 13

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War, exposed by Shays Rebellion

Answer 13

Articles of Confederation

Question 14

All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life liberty and property. It is the duty of the government to protect the natural rights of its citizens. These thinkers were primarily interested in changing the relationship between the people and their government. Government’s decisions should be based on laws of nature and reason and that their powers should be separated

Answer 14

Enlightenment Ideas

Question 15

Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay’s Rebellion.

Answer 15

Whiskey Rebellion

Question 16

The fighting between these two people, in George Washington’s cabinet, may have influenced his view of political parties.

Answer 16

Hamilton/Jefferson debate

Question 17

This case establishes the Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review

Answer 17

Marbury v. Madison

Question 18

1812-1815

*British impressment of American sailors

*The United States suspected the British of encouraging Native American rebellion

“War Hawk” Congressional leaders, such as Henry Clay and John Calhoun, pressed for intervention

*American frontiersmen wanted more free land, as the West was held by Native Americans and the British

*War Hawks also wanted to annex Canada and Florida

*Despite the Embargo Act and Non-Intercourse Act, hostilities could not be cooled

*Eventually, the United States sided with France against Britain

Answer 18

Causes of the War of 1812

Question 19

1803 purchase of the territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US. Somewhat contradicted his idea of the role of government

Answer 19

Louisiana Purchase

Question 20

caused by a changing economy, Antebellum reform movements, debate over slavery

Answer 20

division of North and South

Question 21

“Large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.

Answer 21

Virginia Plan

Question 22

The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population.

Answer 22

New Jersey Plan

Question 23

passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams;; increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, & made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.

Answer 23

Alien & Sedition Acts

Question 24

These two people started settlements that joined to become the Rhode Island Colony.

Answer 24

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Question 25

One vote for each State, regardless of size. Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties. Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. No executive to enforce acts of Congress. No national court system. Amendment only with consent of all States. A 9/13 majority required to pass laws. Articles only a “firm league of friendship.”

Answer 25

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Question 26

Written by Thomas Jefferson; influenced by the Enlightenment philosophers of his day.

Provisions:

Part 1 - Explains the necessity of independence for the preservation of basic laws and rights.

Part 2 - Lists a series of “abuses and usurpations” by the king and his government; Jefferson claimed that this treatment violated the social contract the British monarch had with the his colonies, thereby justifying the actions his American subjects felt compelled to take.

Part 3 - Ends with what is tantamount to a formal declaration of war.

Answer 26

Declaration of Independence

Question 27

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent.

Answer 27

Manifest Destiny

Question 28

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court’s broad interpretation of the Constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Answer 28

Gibbons v. Ogden