Benchmark Review Flashcards
New England-Puritan, economy based on trade, cold rocky solid
Middle - diverse, good relationship with Native Americans, staple crops
South-Plantation cash crops, relied on slave labor
Southern
Colonial Regions Characteristics
Britain’s unofficial policy, to relax the enforcement of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth centuries.
Salutary Neglect
William Penn was a Quaker who founded Pennsylvania, a refuge for other Quakers. Establish a diverse colony and had a good relationship with Native Americans
William Penn and Pennsylvania
a revival of religious feeling and belief in the American colonies that began in the 1730s, inspired the American Revolution
First Great Awakening
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Mayflower Compact
Created by Ben Franklin to try to unite the colonies towards fighting the French. This is later used in the American Revolution.
Join or Die Cartoon
Examples of Self Government in the Colonies
- House of Burgesses
- Mayflower Compact
- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
- Town Meetings
- Colonial Charters
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won and the colonists were not treated as equals
French & Indian War
Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.
Battle of Saratoga
if natural rights are being violated people can replace their government
Right of Revolution (Locke)
Individual Rights that protect citizens from the government
Bill of Rights
reflected the colonists’ belief that they should not be taxed because they had no direct representatives in Parliament
No Taxation without Representation
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War, exposed by Shays Rebellion
Articles of Confederation
All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life liberty and property. It is the duty of the government to protect the natural rights of its citizens. These thinkers were primarily interested in changing the relationship between the people and their government. Government’s decisions should be based on laws of nature and reason and that their powers should be separated
Enlightenment Ideas
Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay’s Rebellion.
Whiskey Rebellion
The fighting between these two people, in George Washington’s cabinet, may have influenced his view of political parties.
Hamilton/Jefferson debate
This case establishes the Supreme Court’s power of Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison
1812-1815
*British impressment of American sailors
*The United States suspected the British of encouraging Native American rebellion
“War Hawk” Congressional leaders, such as Henry Clay and John Calhoun, pressed for intervention
*American frontiersmen wanted more free land, as the West was held by Native Americans and the British
*War Hawks also wanted to annex Canada and Florida
*Despite the Embargo Act and Non-Intercourse Act, hostilities could not be cooled
*Eventually, the United States sided with France against Britain
Causes of the War of 1812
1803 purchase of the territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US. Somewhat contradicted his idea of the role of government
Louisiana Purchase
caused by a changing economy, Antebellum reform movements, debate over slavery
division of North and South
“Large state” proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.
Virginia Plan
The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state’s population.
New Jersey Plan
passed by Federalists, signed by President Adams;; increased waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years, empowered president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens, & made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials.
Alien & Sedition Acts
These two people started settlements that joined to become the Rhode Island Colony.
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
