Benchmark Exam #rd Nine Weeks Flashcards
What was the economy of the New England colonies based on?
Fishing, lumber, trade, whaling.
What was the geography and climate of the New England Colonies?
Rocky soil, forests, long cold winters and short, humid summers.
What was the economy of the Middle Colonies based on?
Growing grain products and raising farm animals. A center for manufacturing and crafts.
What was the geography and climate of the Middle Colonies?
Good fertile soil with many river valleys. Mild winters and a long growing season.
What was the economy of the Southern colonies based on?
These colonies were agricultural and grew rice, tobacco, sugar cane, indigo, and eventually cotton.
What was the climate and geography of the Southern Colonies?
Good fertile soil and many fresh water rivers. Long growing season.
What was the first representative government in the New World?
The Virginia House of Burgesses
Magna Carta
Document King John was forced to sign to declare England as a limited government
Self government
The New World went into this after Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect
Britain’s unofficial policy, initiated by prime minister Robert Walpole, to relax the enforcement of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth centuries.
Federalism
a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government.
Manifest Destiny
the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast.
Railroads
Expansion west was easier with railroads
Monroe Doctrine
warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
Declaration of Independence
the founding document of the American political tradition. It articulates the fundamental ideas that form the American nation: All men are created free and equal and possess the same inherent, natural rights.
“Taxation without representation”
A situation in which a government imposes taxes on a particular group of its citizens, despite the citizens not consenting or having an actual representative deliver their views when the taxation decision was made.
Navigation Acts
passed by the English Parliament in the seventeenth century. The Acts were originally aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade.
Article of Confederation strengths
Brought the states together Was able to raise an army and navy Set up a postal system Congress was established Make war and peace Print money
Articles of Confederation weaknesess
No national executive
No national court system
National government could not collect taxes.
National Government could not raise an army.
National Government could not regulate trade.
Battle of Yorktown
On September, 28 1781, General George Washington, commanding a force of 17,000 French and Continental troops, begins the siege known as the Battle of Yorktown against British General Lord Charles Cornwallis and a contingent of 9,000 British troops at Yorktown, Virginia, in the most important battle of the Revolutionary War.
Progressive Reformers
Journalists that exposed big businesses
Robber Barons
Unscrupulous feudal lords who amassed personal fortunes by using illegal and immoral business practices, such as illegally charging tolls to passing merchant ships.
Social Darwinism
the theory that persons, groups, and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection
Reconstruction
the period (1865–77) that followed the American Civil War and during which attempts were made to redress the inequities of slavery and its political, social, and economic legacy and to solve the problems arising from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded at or before the outbreak of war.
Poll tax/Literacy test
were used to deny suffrage to African-Americans
Jim Crow Laws
racial segregation laws enacted between 1876 and 1965 in the United States at the state and local level
Solid South
In the aftermath of the American Civil War the former Confederate states maintained a cohesive voting pattern nearly a century.
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme court ruled segregation lawful
Nativism
the political position of demanding a favored status for certain established inhabitants of a nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants.
KKK
Some Americans during the 1920’s sought to restrict certain kinds of immigrants while others resurrected the Ku Klux Klan and similar “protective” organizations.
Red Scare
the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents.
Japanese
Sent to internment camps to contain their “violence.”
Chinese Exclusion Act
United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882.
American System: Henry Clay
devised in the burst of nationalism that followed the War of 1812, remains one of the most historically significant examples of a government-sponsored program to harmonize and balance the nation’s agriculture, commerce, and industry.
Abraham Lincoln (wants)
Freedom of slaves
54th Massachusetts
the first military unit consisting of black soldiers to be raised in the North during the Civil War.
North: Popular Sovereignty
the principle that the authority of the government is created and sustained by the consent of its people
South: State’s Rights
the ongoing struggle over political power in the United States between the federal government and individual states as broadly outlined in the Tenth Amendment and whether the USA is a single entity or an amalgamation of independent nations.
Marbury v. Madison
was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review
Spanish American War
a conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.
Yellow Journalism
a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines
Lusitania
a passenger ship that was torpedoed by a German U-Boat in 1915.
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points
A statement given on the 8th of January, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe.
League of Nations
an international organization created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
Open Door Policy
statement of principles initiated by the United States (1899, 1900) for the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China
Consumerism
a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts
US Farmers 1920’s
Much of the Roaring ’20s was a continual cycle of debt for the American farmer, stemming from falling farm prices and the need to purchase expensive machinery.
Causes of Great Depression
- Stock Market Crash of 1929
- Bank Failures
- Reduction in Purchasing Across the Board
- American Economic Policy with Europe
- Drought Conditions
Harlem Renaissance
A cultural movement that spanned the 1920s.
FDR-New Deal
Focus on Americans by offering relief, recovery, and reform.
Dec 7, 1941
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Big 3
FDR, Churchill, Stalin
Rosie the Riveter
a cultural icon of the United States, representing the American women who worked in factories during World War II
