Benchmark Exam Flashcards
New England,
Middle & southern
(Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.) Puritans, Public Education
(Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware.) Quakers & ethnically diverse
(North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia & Maryland.)
plantatons, slaves & tobacco
Representatives- Virginia House of B
first representative govt in southern colonies
Limited Magna Carta
1st Document to ever restricted powers on the king or government
created for the purpose of limiting the powers of the monarch and preserving the basic legal rights of all free men in England. It was made after a rebellion in 1215 against King John of England, a corrupt, absolute monarch who angered all those under the influence of his power.
Self- Salutary neglect
the British policy of not strictly enforcing laws that would have restricted the colonies.
Colonies ruled themselves
Federalism
power is divided.
National & state government
Manifest Destiny ( Rail Roads)
Called by God to move west. Railroads main transportation
leaders & citizens believed it was the country’s destiny to expand & posses territory all the way to the pacific ocean.
Monroe Doctrine
stated that the U.S would not tolerate European intervention in the affairs of any independent nation in the Americas
colonized the entire hemisphere of the us
Declaration of Independence
the public act by which the Second Continental Congress, on July 4, 1776, declared the Colonies to be free and independent of England.
Thomas jefferson
Taxation without representation
reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament to which they elected no representatives and became an anti-British slogan before the american revolution
Acts.. Purpose/ why (navigation act)
1st act to restricted trade in colonies
exclude Dutch from profiting from English trade. The result was not allowing the colonies to trade for themselves. The Navigation Acts only allowed British to conduct trade and thus had to be British citizens.
Articles of confederation (strength vs weakness)
US nervous about giving too much power to central government
Nation’s first set of laws
Loosely unified nation, sovereign states
strengths (Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Established the Departments of Foreign Affairs, War, Marine, and Treasury,Treaty of Paris – ended war.)
weaknesses (No power in central government, states held power, congress had no power to impose taxes
“This caused the Congress to “ask” for money, could not raise an army or secure national defense, British and Spanish saw weakness and took advantage)
Battle of yorktown
The last battle of the Revolutionary War, fought in 1781 near the seacoast of Virginia. There the British general Lord Cornwallis surrendered his army to General George Washington.
Progressive Reformers Vs. Robber barons
PR: restore economic opportunities & to correct injustices in American life
RB: Monopolies created
Social Darwnism
Survival of the fittests
social order is accounted as the product of natural selection of those persons best suited to existing living conditions and in accord with which a position of laissez-faire is advocated.
Reconstruction
the process by which the states that had seceded were reorganized as part of the Union after the Civil War
Poll Tax , Literacy test
Pay in order to vote / required all citizens prove he could read/write.
Jim Crow laws
any state law discriminating against black persons.
Solid South
Remained distrustful of the Republican Party & solidly supported democratic candidates.
End of reconstruction : leads to more oppression to African Americans
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court Case, in which the court ruled that separate, but equal facilities for blacks and whites was constitutional. SEPARATE BUT EQUAL
Nativism= Immigration
the policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. the policy or practice of preserving or reviving an indigenous culture.
Quotas
a proportional part or share of a fixed total amount or quantity.
Limitation on a number of immigration
KKK
a secret organization in the southern U.S., active for several years after the Civil War, which aimed to suppress the newly acquired powers of blacks and to oppose carpetbaggers from the North, and which was responsible for many lawless and violent proceedings.
Against blacks, Jews, Catholics, & immigrants
Red Scare
a period of general fear of communists
Russia
Japaneses
attack on Pearl Harbor fueled suspicion and fear of Japanese people in the US. On February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, ordering all Japanese Americans away from military facilities.
100,00 japenese- internment camps
Chinese Exclusion Act
Prohibited chinese immigrants from legally coming to the US
American System: Henry Clay
Improved transportation, Unify nation, Created national currency- federal bank.
Abraham Lincoln (wants)
16th president
During civil war , wanted to abolish slavery!
Uphold the Union
54th Massachussetts
encouraged blacks to join the war
Hoping to free blacks
North: Popular Soveignty
Required people to turn in runaway slaves
Will of majority.
South: States Rights
state could refuse to enforce a law it saw as unconstitutional.
Marbury vs. Madison
Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution
Spanish American War
Cuba rebelled against Spain & fought for independence.
Yellow journalism
Competing newspapers printed stories about the Spanish abuses against the Cubans. Often exaggerated & untrue
Ignite emotions of the US public, exaggerated & untrue stories to sell papers.
Lusitania
Sink ship without warning.
German U-boat torpedoed the US cruise ship
Brought American into ww1
woodrow Wilson (14 points)
didn’t want to punish Germany, wanted peace & stability in Europe.
Reduction of amendments & rights of self determination.
Plan to World Peace after ww1
League of Nations
Provide place where countries could engage diplomacy
US failed to join because of isolationism.
Open door policy ( china)
everyone is welcome to raise issues or concerns or bring up questions to an office.
Leave China for open for US trade & commerce.
Consumerism
a modern movement for the protection of the consumer against useless, inferior, or dangerous products, misleading advertising, unfair pricing
New technology
US Farmers 1920- Overproduction
because of overproduction prices of farm goods dropped really low & many farmers couldn’t make a living
Disaster= Dust bowl
Causes of G.D. (stock markets)
crash of stock market in 1929.
Loans
Harlem Renaissance (people/what)
African-American cultural movement of the 1920s and 1930s, centered in Harlem, that celebrated black traditions, the black voice, and black ways of life. Outpouring of African American Art, Music & literature.
FDR (New Deal)
the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression
Social Security System, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Works Progress Administration.
Relief, recovery & reform.
NO more laissez-faire
Liberal (D) VS. Conservative (R)
Liberals believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all. Believe the role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need. Liberal policies generally emphasize the need for the government to solve problems.
believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong national defense.
Dec, 7 1941
Pearl Harbor (day of infamy)
Big 3 (Names)
FDR, Stalin & Churchill.
Rosie the Riveter
the symbol of women who entered the workforce to fill the vacancy of the men off to war.
