Benchmark 4 Study Guide Flashcards
The most penetrating type of radiation.
Gamma
Negatively charged particles emitted from a nucleus at high speed.
Beta
The amount of time it take for half of a radioactive isotope to break apart.
Half-Life
The process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with larger masses.
Fusion
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
Isotope
Stopped by a piece of paper, a helium nucleus that is the weakest form of radiation.
Alpha
The splitting apart of a nucleus of a large atom into two smaller atoms.
Fission
Group18, inert, do not rom compounds
Noble Gases
The most reactive group of metals.
Alkali Metals
Elements that form salts by combining with metals.
Halogens
Includes oxygen and sulfur
Chalcogens
React to form bases, found in minerals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Form multiple charges, used to make pigments
Transition Metals
Found on the stair step line; part metal part nonmetal
Noble Gases
What does the chemical symbol represent for an element?
Name
This shows the number of elements in a compound and how they are bonded together.
Chemical Formula
What do dot diagrams represent?
Valence Electrons
What kind of chemical bond is formed when an equal exchange or transfer of electrons occurs.
Ionic
Hold atoms together in a compound
Chemical Bond
A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom.
Polyatomic Ion
This is an abbreviation used for elements in chemistry.
Chemical Symbol
A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons.
Covalent
What is an insoluble compound that forms during a chemical reaction?
Precipitate
Numbers that precede chemical formulas, used to balance equations.
Coefficients
H2O (l)
Liquid
Represent oxidation numbers or charges of ions
Superscripts
Dissolved in water (aq)
Aqueous
O2(g)
Gas
The number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by these numbers.
Subscripts
Na (s)
Solid
When two elements or compounds combine to make one large compound.
Synthesis
When one element replaces another element in a compound.
Single Displacement
When a compound splits apart into smaller compounds or elements.
Decomposition
When a carbon compound reacts with oxygen to form heat, carbon dioxide, and water.
Combustion
When an element gains electrons.
Reduction
When an element loses electrons.
Oxidation
When two salts react, break apart, and recombine to make two new compounds.
Double Displacement
When a strong acid reacts with a strong base to produce water and salt.
Acid Base Neutralization
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
Mg(NO3)2
Magnesium Nitrate
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound.
Zero
The mass of products must equal the mass of reactants.
Loa of Conservation of Mass
The particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons.
Quarks
Copper(ll) Sulfate
CuSO4
Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2
Diatomic Molecules
The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.
Mercury
A(n)____ chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation.
Balanced
Each substance on the left of the arrow in a chemical equation is a __
Reactant
Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?
AnNO3 + NaCl>AgCl + NaNO3
The energy required to break the original bonds is less than the energy release when new bonds form a(n) ___ reaction.
Exergonic
If heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place, the reaction is _____.
Endothermic
What type of reaction is shown in the following chemical equation: NH3 + HCL > NH4Cl?
Synthesis
Which of the following could represent a decomposition reaction?
Compound = element + element
In a chemical equation, the symbol that means dissolved in water is __.
(aq)
When one element replaces another element in a compound, the reaction is a ___ reaction.
Single-displacement
A substance that speeds up a
Chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is a(n) ___.
Catalyst
The breaking down of a substance into two or more simpler substances is ____.
Decomposition
Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a(n) ___.
Product
Substances that prevent, or slow down, chemical reactions are called ___.
Inhibitors
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released is ___.
Exothermic
Numbers that precede symbols and formulas in a chemical equation are ___.
Coefficients
According to the law of conservation of mass, how does the mass of the products in a chemical reaction compare to the mass of the reactants.
The masses are equal.
What is an insoluble compound that forms during a chemical reaction?
Precipitate
A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form another substance is called a ____.
Synthesis reaction
The burning of wood in a campfire that produces heat and light would be both an ____ and an ____ reactions.
Exergonic, exothermic
When most chemical reactions take place, some ___ in the reactants must be broken, a process that requires energy.
Chemical bonds
Copper (ll) plus sodium iodide yields Copper (ll) iodide plus sodium sulfate is represented by which balanced equation?
CuSO4 + 2 NaI > Na2SO4 + CuI2
