Benchmark 2

Question 1

Impressment

Answer 1

British took American soldiers from their ships and forced them to serve in the navy

Question 2

Embargo

Answer 2

suspended trade by ordering American ships to stay in port

Question 3

Did the embargo work? Why or why not?

Answer 3

It didn’t work because the British found other markets in South America, bankrupting American merchants. It also threw American sailors out of work, and farmers could no longer export crops.

Question 4

War Hawks

Answer 4

aggressive young politicians who took the lead in a Congress

Question 5

Who did the War Hawks represent?

Answer 5

farmers and settlers from the southern and western states

Question 6

Two famous War Hawks and where they’re from

Answer 6

John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY)

Question 7

Who did we fight in the War of 1812? Why?

Answer 7

Britain; we were humiliated by British impressments

Question 8

What was the outcome of the War of 1812?

Answer 8

it was a tie; established a treaty that restored prewar boundaries

Question 9

Biggest hero of the War of 1812

Answer 9

Andrew Jackson

Question 10

causes of the War of 1812

Answer 10

British interfere with American shipping and expansion, southerners want Florida which is owned by Britain’s ally Spain, War Hawks want to expel Britain completely

Question 11

Effects of the War of 1812

Answer 11

revealed need for a strong standing army, encouraged American nationalism, ended Federalist Party, shattered strength of Native American resistance, paved the way for American acquisition of Florida

Question 12

Why did Thomas Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory? How did he alter his view of the Constitution while purchasing it?

Answer 12

He wanted to gain the port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River from the French. When he went to make the deal, they offered him a ton more land for $15 million instead of the little strip of land for $10 million. He changed his view by interpreting the Constitution loosely. Had he interpreted it strictly as usual, he would’ve had to go all the way back to America, approve the purchase with Congress and then go back and make the deal. By then, someone else might’ve gotten the land.

Question 13

Define nullification.

Answer 13

states can nullify or void federal laws that they deem unconstitutional

Question 14

Order of acquisitions

Answer 14

Louisiana Purchase, Texas Annexation, Oregon Territory, Mexican Cession

Question 15

What was the Trail of Tears?

Answer 15

Jackson ordered American troops to move Indians from the southeast to Oklahoma. It was called the Trail of Tears because, out of 16000 Indians, 4000 died.

Question 16

True or False: Southerners supported tariffs as a means of promoting domestic industry. Why or why not?

Answer 16

False. Southerners did not support tariffs because they didn’t benefit them at all. Tariffs supported the growth of northern industry and forced southerners to pay more for goods.

Question 17

Explain Manifest Destiny.

Answer 17

19th century doctrine which stated that westward expansion of the US was not only inevitable but a God given right

Question 18

What was the Monroe Doctrine? What type of impact did it have during the 19th century?

Answer 18

The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President Monroe and it discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere. However, we couldn’t back this up and it showed that we were not yet a world power.

Question 19

Describe the Missouri Compromise. What issue was behind the compromise?

Answer 19

At the time, there was an equal number of slave and free states. If Missouri entered as a slave state, it would tip the balance. To resolve this issue, Henry Clay came up with the Missouri Compromise. It stated that Missouri would be added as a slave state, Maine would break off from Massachusetts and be added as a free state, and there was an imaginary line drawn from the southeastern tip of Missouri to the west coast. Any states added above the line were free. Any states added below the line were slave states.

Question 20

Why wasn’t Texas immediately annexed by the US? What was Texas after their war with Mexico?

Answer 20

They had to fight a war with Mexico, and they were known as the Lone Star Republic.

Question 21

Why was the north more industrialized than the south?

Answer 21

The north had a lot of major ports and bodies of water. Also, the south had a perfect environment for farming. In the north, they had a shorter growing season and less fertile soil so they had to find another means of making money.

Question 22

Which region(s) supported internal improvements?

Answer 22

The west bc they were trying to improve transportation to the west

Question 23

How did Polk use Manifest Destiny to defend war with Mexico?

Answer 23

It was our destiny to expand west so we had to fight Mexico to achieve our destiny.

Question 24

Describe Clay’s American system.

Answer 24

His plan included building roads and canals, reestablishing the national bank, and enforcing the protective tariff

Question 25

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

Answer 25

they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments

Question 26

Most women who participated in the women’s rights movement go their start in the _______ movement.

Answer 26

antislavery / abolitionist

Question 27

Nat Turner

Answer 27

former slave who taught himself to read and write; marched his followers to Richmond, VA, intending to capture an armory and gain more weapons; killed nearly 60 people before being stopped by the militia; he was later executed

Question 28

Frederick Douglass

Answer 28

former slave; valued speaker for the abolitionist movement and founder of the newspaper The North Star

Question 29

Harriet Tubman

Answer 29

fugitive slave; known as “Black Moses”; spy in Civil War; made almost two dozen trips to the south, guiding hundreds of slaves to safety; never captured

Question 30

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 30

white printer from Boston; 1831 began publishing an antislavery newspaper, The Liberator; used moral suasion; wanted immediate emancipation

Question 31

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 31

white woman; wrote a book describing slave life

Question 32

What argument did Southerners use to combat northern criticism of slavery?

Answer 32

Positive good theory: the life of a slave is better than the life of a northern factory worker

Question 33

What was the Second Great Awakening?

Answer 33

a second religious revival

Question 34

How did most states change their voting laws?

Answer 34

dropped the mandatory ownership of property to vote

Question 35

Where did most immigrants settle? Why?

Answer 35

North because there were a lot of factory jobs there.

Question 36

Significance of McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 36

Federal law takes precedent over state law

Question 37

Adams-Onís Treaty

Answer 37

ended Spanish claims to Oregon and we gained Florida

Question 38

Denmark Vesey

Answer 38

black freeman; prepared slaves to seize Charleston but Charleston officials were tipped off; Vesey and 34 others were tried and hanged

Question 39

Why did John Quincy Adams beat Andrew Jackson in the election of 1824?

Answer 39

Jackson had more votes than Adams but neither had the majority so the house had to decided; Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, made a deal with Adams that if Clay supported Adams, Adams would make him Secretary of State

Question 40

Who won the election of 1828?

Answer 40

Andrew Jackson

Question 41

Why was Jackson different than previous presidents?

Answer 41

Think “Beverly hillbillies” takes over the White House

Question 42

Spoils system

Answer 42

A term used by critics of it to refer to the use of political parties as a reward for party loyalty

Question 43

How did Jackson feel about banks?

Answer 43

He despised national banks and supported state banks

Question 44

Where was education mostly?

Answer 44

New England

Question 45

Temperance Movement?

Answer 45

an effort to end alcohol abuse and the problems created by it