Benchmark 2 Flashcards
Gravitational Potential Energy
This is energy of position; it increases with height
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion; causes objects to move
Radiant Energy
Energy that travels in transverse waves across space; carries light and heat
Joule
SI unit for measuring any type of energy
Thermal Energy
Heat; Q=mc^T
Sound Energy
Travels in compressional waves; has to have a medium, can cause deafness
Chemical Potential Energy
Energy stored in chemical bonds; photosynthesis or respiration in animals are examples
Nuclear Energy
Fusion/Fission; involves either smashing atoms together to make larger atoms, or splitting the atom apart into 2 smaller atoms
Solid
State of matter with particles close together, moving in fixed positions, holds its own shape
Liquid
This state of matter has a definite volume, but it takes the shape of the container
Gas
State of matter that has an indefinite volume, indefinite shape, and particles spread apart from each other quickly
Plasma
State of matter where particles move extremely fast, loses electrons, and produces its own light and heat
Absolute Zero
The temperature at which the motion of atoms, particles, and electrons stop
Kinetic Theory of Matter
This explains that the particles of matter move and the warmer the temperature, the quicker the particles move.
Bernoulli’s Principle
The faster a fluid flows; the less pressure. The slower a fluid flows, the greater the pressure. Explains why airplanes fly.
Archimedes Principle
The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Explains why an object will sink or float.
Pascal’s Principle
Hydraulic machines work in accordance with this principle about the pressure of fluids; when pressure is applied to a fluid, it spreads throughout the fluid.
Density
This equals mass divided by volume
Buoyancy
The upward force exerted by a fluid that helps an object float,
Pressure
This equals force divided by area.
Volume
The amount of a liquid normally measured in mL or L.
Compressional
When you squeeze the coils of a spring or slinky together, you create this type of wave
Transverse
These type of waves have the ability to move through outer space
What type of waves are water waves or seismic waves?
Both compressional and transverse
Medium
The material that a wave is traveling through.
Wavelength
The distance from crest to crest or trough to trough on a transverse wave.
Frequency
The number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second; how often a wave occurs.
Amplitude
This determines the height of the wave and the amount of energy a wave carries.
Wave speed
This will change if a wave travels from a less dense medium to a more dense medium.
Loudness
This will decrease if the intensity of a sound wave decreases.
Constructive Interference
This happens when 2 crests overlap or 2 troughs overlap producing a bigger wave.
Destructive Interference
This happens when the crest of one wave crosses the trough of another wave
Reflection
Mirrors do this well; they take lights waves and make them bounce back to create an image.
Refraction
Lenses do this well; they bend light
Diffraction
This involves the bending and splitting of light waves into a rainbow
Sonar
Underwater system that uses reflection of sound waves to locate depths.
White
Results from the combination of the 3 primary colors of light.
Red, Green, Blue
The three primary colors of light
Magenta, Cyan, Yellow
Three primary pigments of colors
Black
This is the result of bending the three primary pigments
Rarefaction
The less dense region where the coils are far apart in a compressional wave.
Compression
The dense region where the coils are close together on a compressional wave.
