Benchmark 2

Question 0

Gravitational Potential Energy

Answer 0

This is energy of position; it increases with height

Question 1

Kinetic Energy

Answer 1

Energy of motion; causes objects to move

Question 2

Radiant Energy

Answer 2

Energy that travels in transverse waves across space; carries light and heat

Question 3

Joule

Answer 3

SI unit for measuring any type of energy

Question 4

Thermal Energy

Answer 4

Heat; Q=mc^T

Question 5

Sound Energy

Answer 5

Travels in compressional waves; has to have a medium, can cause deafness

Question 6

Chemical Potential Energy

Answer 6

Energy stored in chemical bonds; photosynthesis or respiration in animals are examples

Question 7

Nuclear Energy

Answer 7

Fusion/Fission; involves either smashing atoms together to make larger atoms, or splitting the atom apart into 2 smaller atoms

Question 8

Solid

Answer 8

State of matter with particles close together, moving in fixed positions, holds its own shape

Question 9

Liquid

Answer 9

This state of matter has a definite volume, but it takes the shape of the container

Question 10

Gas

Answer 10

State of matter that has an indefinite volume, indefinite shape, and particles spread apart from each other quickly

Question 11

Plasma

Answer 11

State of matter where particles move extremely fast, loses electrons, and produces its own light and heat

Question 12

Absolute Zero

Answer 12

The temperature at which the motion of atoms, particles, and electrons stop

Question 13

Kinetic Theory of Matter

Answer 13

This explains that the particles of matter move and the warmer the temperature, the quicker the particles move.

Question 14

Bernoulli’s Principle

Answer 14

The faster a fluid flows; the less pressure. The slower a fluid flows, the greater the pressure. Explains why airplanes fly.

Question 15

Archimedes Principle

Answer 15

The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Explains why an object will sink or float.

Question 16

Pascal’s Principle

Answer 16

Hydraulic machines work in accordance with this principle about the pressure of fluids; when pressure is applied to a fluid, it spreads throughout the fluid.

Question 17

Density

Answer 17

This equals mass divided by volume

Question 18

Buoyancy

Answer 18

The upward force exerted by a fluid that helps an object float,

Question 19

Pressure

Answer 19

This equals force divided by area.

Question 20

Volume

Answer 20

The amount of a liquid normally measured in mL or L.

Question 21

Compressional

Answer 21

When you squeeze the coils of a spring or slinky together, you create this type of wave

Question 22

Transverse

Answer 22

These type of waves have the ability to move through outer space

Question 23

What type of waves are water waves or seismic waves?

Answer 23

Both compressional and transverse

Question 24

Medium

Answer 24

The material that a wave is traveling through.

Question 25

Wavelength

Answer 25

The distance from crest to crest or trough to trough on a transverse wave.

Question 26

Frequency

Answer 26

The number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second; how often a wave occurs.

Question 27

Amplitude

Answer 27

This determines the height of the wave and the amount of energy a wave carries.

Question 28

Wave speed

Answer 28

This will change if a wave travels from a less dense medium to a more dense medium.

Question 29

Loudness

Answer 29

This will decrease if the intensity of a sound wave decreases.

Question 30

Constructive Interference

Answer 30

This happens when 2 crests overlap or 2 troughs overlap producing a bigger wave.

Question 31

Destructive Interference

Answer 31

This happens when the crest of one wave crosses the trough of another wave

Question 32

Reflection

Answer 32

Mirrors do this well; they take lights waves and make them bounce back to create an image.

Question 33

Refraction

Answer 33

Lenses do this well; they bend light

Question 34

Diffraction

Answer 34

This involves the bending and splitting of light waves into a rainbow

Question 35

Sonar

Answer 35

Underwater system that uses reflection of sound waves to locate depths.

Question 36

White

Answer 36

Results from the combination of the 3 primary colors of light.

Question 37

Red, Green, Blue

Answer 37

The three primary colors of light

Question 38

Magenta, Cyan, Yellow

Answer 38

Three primary pigments of colors

Question 39

Black

Answer 39

This is the result of bending the three primary pigments

Question 40

Rarefaction

Answer 40

The less dense region where the coils are far apart in a compressional wave.

Question 41

Compression

Answer 41

The dense region where the coils are close together on a compressional wave.