Benchmark 1 Flashcards
Who were the Minoans and where did they live?
civilized people that were named after Minos; Greek ancestors. from Crete
Minoan culture?
made art, created tools(plumbing), made bronze
when was Minoan at its peak?
2700 to 1450 BC
Who were the Mycenaeans? Where did they live?
warrior people that were part of powerful monarchies. Lived in southern greek
Mycenaeans culture?
Warriors,traders, built great structures
Mycenaean Civilization at it’s peak?
1600-1100 BC
Who was Homer?
famous mycenaean, wrote Iliad and the Odyssey.
Define polis
greek center for political, religious, social activities
Define acropolis
fortified area surrounded polis; place of refuge
who was Aristotle
Greek philosopher,teacher,scientist,writer. Lived from 384-322 BC
What were Helots?
unfree laborers used by sparta. Came from conquered people
Describe spartan life.
fierce military,tough training,no finery,bad food, NO outside contact=new ideas
who was pericles?
political figure that lived from 461-429 BC. Made athens powerful
describe ostracism
used to banish a person for 10 years; 6000 votes written on a piece of pottery to get rid of a person. Kept power-hungry away
who was king darius?
persian king, that tried to conquer Greece. He failed and vowed revenge. he also built Babylon, one of the s.w.of. W
Who was King Xerxes?
persian king; vowed to avenge king darius, mustered 180,000 troops and 1000s warships
describe Delian League.
Formed by Athens to defend Greece against Persia. Mosty Athenians ruled. Formed in 478 BC
what were hoplites
700 BC military-heavily armed foot soldiers
What did hoplites carry?
shield,sword, and 9 ft thrusting spear.
Describe PHALANX
Marching that hoplites used; shield to shield barrier.
How did phalanx lead to Greek success?
The tight barrier made it nearly impossible to break through or injure the soldiers. Enemies had difficultly= Greek victory
Peloponnesian War: describe
Sparta vs. Athens. Athen=behind walls, Sparta=wait for them to come out. Sparta won.
What crippled Athens?
plaque killed 1/3 people during the 2nd year of war.
How did the Peloponnesian War start?
Sparta feared Athens growing power, after they defeated Persia
