benchmark 1 Flashcards
to study + comprehend concepts of the chapters since the start of the semester.
what was the columbian exchange?
the introduction of new things to places that did not have them before.
what impact did the columbian exchange have on the world?
trade increased short term and long term.
where did portugal first explore, and what did they put there?
the west african coast, fortified trading posts
how did portugal make money through fortified trading posts?
charging ships, as well as generally from trade through these posts.
who were the first two sea powers?
spain and portugal.
what were the military campaigns in the lower part of spain, and what did they aim to achieve?
the reconquista. they aimed to “liberate” christian spain from the islamic religion.
what were the challenges to the ptolemaic view of the universe?
people began to realize the earth was not the center of the universe.
what did adam smith think about economics?
he believed the government should have a very limited, hands-off goal.
three main points of martin luther
the 95 theses
lutheranism
criticizing the catholic church
what was the peace of westphalia?
a document establishing that all european countries are sovereign and equal.
what was the result of the peace of westphalia? was it successful long-term.
peace. no.
what did the peace of westphalia put an end to?
the 30 years war.
what was the order of the three main communities spain encountered and conquered?
the taino, then the aztecs, then the incas
who encountered the taino initially?
christopher columbus
who encountered and conquered the aztecs?
cortez
who encountered and conquered the incas?
pizarro
what was the general working of the atlantic triangle trade?
europeans sent materials and goods to africa, africa sent slaves to america, america sent money to europe
where were the swahili city-states?
the east african coast
what was the primary religion of the swahili city-states?
islamic
what two languages did the swahili language develop from
arabic and bantu
what was the social status of the merchant class during tokugawa japan?
the bottom
What were the demanding bureaucratic exams in the ming and qing dynasties called?
the civil service exams.
what group (2 descriptors) was foot-bound in the ming and qing dynasties?
women, high social class
what was the general treatment of religion within the ottoman and mughal empires?
you were allowed to practice freely, as long as you were able to contribute something to make up for it.
who was to the east of the Ottoman empire?
the safavid empire
akbar and religious tolerance
akbar was extremely tolerant of all religions. so tolerant, he even dropped the need to contribute something to practice your own religion.
who fought in the battle of chaldiran?
the ottoman and safavid.
who won the battle of chaldiran?
the ottoman empire.
what three items were had by the europeans, giving them a giant advantage in colonization?
guns, germs, and steel
who was olaudah equiano?
a former slave owner who wrote an autobiography.
