benchmark 1 Flashcards
What is dysarthria
acquired neurological motor weakness affecting changes movement; consistent mistakes; think Big 8
Big 8
SST SR SAC
symmetry, steadiness, tone (SST)
strength, ROM (SR)
speed, accuracy, coordination (SAC)
Volitional vs spontaneous vs reflexive speech
volitional: where we ask some to say something after (asking for planned speech response)
spontaneous: spontaneous speech
reflexive: saying “ouch” when hurt
what is anarthria
most severe dysarthria —> lost all ability to produce meaningful speech; all motor components breaking down; they know what they want to say but can’t get words out
apraxia of speech
neurogenic communication disorder affecting motor programming–> patient knows what they want to say but unsure how to get articulators in right position to make target speech sound; groping and inconsistent mistakes are salient feature
what is hypothesis
simple declarative statement that incorporates cause and effect and can be tested and measured
hypothesis guided management leads to ______
critical reasoning
what are the major differences between assumptions and hypotheses
assumptions are judgment and not testable (measureable)
T/F assessments are an ongoing process - making adjustment based on observation and client behavior
true
4 parameters of WHO model
- body function
- body structure
- activities and participation
- environmental factors
comprehensibility vs intelligibility
comprehensibility is the meaning of the message
intelligibility is the precision of the articulators forming target phonemes
3 main parts of clinical report
case history, direct observation, impression/recommendations
Restoration vs compensation
- restoration of lost function
- Compensation is the process of learning how to develop “work arounds” for a task, function, or process
- think goals, severeity, diagnosis, treatment timeline
what is the indirect component of assessment
case history such as background info, medial history, referral, observing patient in lobby
define pathophysiology
distinctive pattern of movement disorder
is the patient interview direct or indirect observation of communication
direct; the interview is open ended and broader than client intake which is specific and narrow
what is the most effective way to collect perceptual speech sample
conversational speech
the formal assessment is direct observation
true
t/f slp sets up environment to help facilitate ease of patient
true
rt/f reading aloud is a great way to record and measure rate of speech
true
4 subsystems of speech
respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation
how can the subsystems affect speech
intelligibility, fluency, speech rate, prosody, naturalness
AMR vs SMR
AMR: alternate motion rates ex: /pa pa pa/
SMR: sequential motion rates ex /pa ta ka/
palpate
to touch or feel part of the body to examine
paucity of movement
shortening of a movement, no extra embellishments
fasciculations
slight muscle twitches; most common in tongue
coup de glotte
forcing closure of VFs; grunt
flaccid
low muscle tone, weak
spastic
high muscle tone, tense
stilted
issue with fluency
diplophonia
two vocal pitches occurring at same time
hypothesis
is something you rationalize and can easily test; to determine if you are correct or incorrect
- underlying, pathological reasoning for what is happening
stimulability
assessing if a client can attempt to do what is being ask by clinician
what do we look at for determining prognosis
restore or compensate lost function, protect/maintain current function
what is flaccid dysarthria
damage in spinal/cranial nerves; lower neuron motor dysfunction; hypotonia
Lower motor neuron
lower motor neurons begin in the spinal cord (at medulla (CNS)) and go on to innervate muscles and glands throughout the body (PNS); symptoms are more flaccid
assess indivudal cranial nerves
injury to spinal cord gray matter
direct vs indirect system of bulbar spinal tracts
direct: fewer synapses, control of movement, faster movement
indirect: many synapses, balance/posture, slower movement
final common pathway
the motor route (efferent signals) a neural signal takes from the CNS and travels OUT until it reaches endpoint like the hand muscle or larynx; innervate individual strcutres or muscles
damage to FCP affects individual muscles or muscle groups
all nerves that have to do with movement (contracting muscles) pass along FCP
- message is sent out, no way of getting it back
- last chunk of neurons firing on that pathway
- flaccid dysarthria: damage to FCP affects individual muscles of muscle groups
efferent signals
motor only
- voluntary, reflexive, autonomic movements