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History > Benchmark 1 > Flashcards

Benchmark 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Jamestown cash crop

A

Tobacco

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1
Q

Beringia

A

Dry land that connected Asia with the North America (Alaska). Exposed during the ice ages and people from Asia crossed it in search of food

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2
Q

Great awakening

A

Religious movement that stressed dependence on god and gained wide appeal among farmers, workers, and slaves. Pietism, revivals, Johnathon Edwards, George Whitefield, undermined allegiance to traditional authority

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3
Q

Southern economy

A

Based on commercial agriculture. Cash crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo. Plantations created

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4
Q

First permanent English settlement

A

Jamestown

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5
Q

Navigation Acts

A

All goods imported or exported from the colonies to be on English ships with 3/4 English crew. Specific goods could only be sold to England. Frustrated colonists.

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6
Q

Mayflower compact

A

By signing this document, the pilgrims wanted to set up a legal basis for their new colony

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7
Q

House of Burgesses

A

First representative government in the colonies (VA)

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8
Q

John Locke

A

Two Treatises of Gov’t- said that all people were born with certain natural rights. People agreed to obey govt and its laws, and govt agreed to uphold their rights in return

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9
Q

Natural rights

A

Life, liberty, and property -John Locke

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10
Q

St. Augustine

A

Founded by Spanish in 1565 to protect their claim to the region after France tried to settle the Carolinas. The city prospered and became first permanent town est. by the Europeans in what is today the US.

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11
Q

Mercantilism

A

Popular idea in the 1600s and 1700s. Believed to be wealthy and powerful a country must get gold and silver. Sell more goods than buy. Self sufficient in raw materials.

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12
Q

MA bay colony

A

William and Mary’s 1691 charter combined the MA bay colony, Plymouth colony, and Maine into the colony of MA

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13
Q

First continental congress

A

Sept. 5, 1774- Philadelphia. 55 delegates represented 12 of colonies. After the tea party. Created declaration of rights and grievances.

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14
Q

Townshend acts

A

1767- one of these acts was the revenue act of 1767 which legalized writs of assistance

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15
Q

Albany plan of union

A

Ben Franklin- proposed colonies unite to form federal govt. Rejected by colonies.

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16
Q

Lexington and concord

A

1775- British soldiers fired at and killed some minutemen in Lexington and fought colonial militia in concord. Revere, Dawes, and Prescott warned the cities. British trapped in Boston by May 1775

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17
Q

Causes of French and Indian War

A

Britain and France fighting over Ohio river valley

18
Q

Isaac Sears

A

Organized sons of liberty

19
Q

Second continental congress

A

Met after Lexington and concord. Adopted militia surrounding Boston (continental army). June 15, 1775 George Washington appointed as general and commander in chief

20
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Ended French and Indian war in 1763

21
Q

Intolerable acts

A

Coercive acts and Quebec act

22
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Drew line from north to south along the Appalachian mountains and declared that the colonists couldn’t settle west of the line without British govts permission

23
Q

Cause of boston tea party

A

Tea act of 1773, colonists didn’t want tea ships to land on harbor

24
Q

Common Sense

A

Thomas Paine- attacked king George III, influenced colonist’s desire for independence.

25
Q

Paul revere

A

Spread alarm that British were coming to Lexington

26
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

American victory was turning point in war. Improved American morale and convinced France to send troops to American cause

27
Q

Sugar act

A

Indirect tax- British officials could seize goods without due process

28
Q

Effects of crusades

A

Revolutionized European society and encouraged a new desire for exploration. Feudalism, manorialism, serfs, brought Western Europeans in contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations, trade with Asia led to exploration

29
Q

Renaissance

A

Marked a renewed commitment to learning and helped to trigger a scientific revolution

30
Q

Columbus

A

Sailed across Atlantic looking for western route to Asia, landed in Caribbean (San Salvador island)

31
Q

Reformation

A

Martin Luther, John Calvin. Pope wouldn’t annul king Henry III’s marriage so he broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Anglican Church

32
Q

Conquistadors

A

Explores sent by Cortés to conquer the rest of new Spain

33
Q

Columbian exchange

A

Trade between Europe and America allowing for the two areas to interact

34
Q

Magna Carta

A

Contained John Locke’s ideas about natural rights

35
Q

Montesquieu

A

Wrote spirit of the laws, suggested three types of political power (executive, legislative, and judicial) with checks and balances

36
Q

Olive branch petition

A

Written by John Dickinson, stating that the colonies were still loyal to the king and asked for George III to call off hostilities until the situation could be worked out peacefully

37
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Give me liberty or give me death

38
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Drafted circular letter in 1768 for MA assembly against townshend acts

39
Q

Valley forge

A

Dark hour for patriots who didn’t know if they could defeat Britain

40
Q

Northwest passage

A

Northern route through North America to the Pacific Ocean. King Francis I sent Giovanni da Verrazano to map North America’s coastline to find this

41
Q

Enlightenment

A

Challenged authority of church in science and philosophy while elevating the power of human reason. Rationalism, John Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau

42
Q

English bill of rights

A

Abolish kings absolute power to suspend laws and create his own courts, etc.

43
Q

Social contract theory

A

Rousseau- govt should be formed by the consent of the people who would make their own laws

History (1 decks)

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