Believe in yourself Flashcards
Why is it only a democracy in theory
No women or slaves
Only wealthy people can afford the earnings loss
Poor people will die before they reach the age requirement
Patrons make their clients vote for their friends
What do you need to become a quaestor
Military experience, age 30
Sallust on cursus honorum
Novus homo were seen unworthy of the honour of consulship almost as if they were unclean
Why were novus homo unlikely to be consuls
Nobiles wanted to keep the power within their social class
Cicero
Came to rome as novus homo. studied and did the things rich people do. Won legal cases to win friends
Plutarch on cicero
He made a point to remember everyones names so he seemed well connected
He got a house on palantine hill so people wouldnt walk far to see him
Pompey paid court to him and contributed to his power and fame
Ciceros political career
Quaestor in sicily Senator Aedile Praetor Consul
Comitia Centuriata
Vote for positions of imperium based on military class
Cicero on power of elite
Voting power should remain with the wealthy. Elite are better people
Pompeys order of military victory
Defeated lepidus who wanted a second consulship by defeating Brutus
Sertorius: was made a proconsul to defeat him in spain
Spartacus: stole Crassus thunder by killing some fugitives
Why was pompeys career unusual
He was made proconsul to defeat sertorius without any requirements for cursus honorum. then was made a consul
Plutarch on pompey
Crassus was too afriad to stand for election without pompeys support
How did pompey use the tribune of the plebs
Gave him permission to go fight the pirates when the senate said no. Plebs liked him so they said hell yeah
Plutarch on pompey and TOB
His ally gave him irresponsible power
Caesars political career
Military experience in asia, practiced as a lawyer
Becomes quaestor, aedile, praetor and proprateor
Pontifex maximus
Plutarch on Caesars aunts funeral
Displayed images of her husband marius to boost his public image because the people liked him
Suetonius on Caesars aunts funeral
Said her mother descended from the kings and her father from the gods
Pontifex maximus
high priest. Religion tied in with politics because the gods bring good favor to Rome. given a house in the forum which puts you right in the action
plutarch on caesar as pontifex maximus
When he prevailed the senate and nobiles feared he would lead the people into recklessness
Why did caesar strike an alliance with pompey and crassus
Needed the support of the wealthy and powerful in order to become consul. needed their amicitia netowrks to get the votes
Plutarch on Caesars alliance
Crassus and pompey were at odds but Caesar convinced them that fighting was only increasing the power of other men
What did Crassus, Caesar and pompey get out of the alliance
Caesar gets consulship and a 5 year military command in gaul
Pompey gets land he promised to his vets
Crassus gets tax rebates in asia that will help his business
Luca
CCP meet and decide Crassus and Pompey will be consuls the next year
Each get a 5 year command in Gaul, Spain and Syria
Beginning of civil war
Pompey got a military command in Spain to match that of Caesar in Gaul. Crassus knew he wasnt as powerful so he tried to conquer Parthia but failed and died
Plutarch on pompey and civil war
Cato convinced senate to make pompey sole consul to appease him so he wouldnt become a dictator
Caesars response to pompey as consul
Asks for special permission to stand for conslship by proxy in gaul
End of Civil war
Caesar crosses the rubicon, pompey and senate flee to greece so he takes over Rome and the treasurey. Fight in pharsalus and pompey escapes and flees to egypt where he is assasinated
Clemency
While wiping out Pompeys remaining supporters he displays clemency to appear as a merciful and fair leader
- gain support in new terriotry and add prisoners of war to army
Dictatorship
Caesar used the legitimate political office to gain military control. Refused to give it up after dealing with pompey, was awarded it for 1o years and then for life
Cicero on dictators
In the good old days Cincinnatus was called to be dictator while working on his farm. Dealt with the problem and gave up the positon after 16 days
How did Caesar monompolize power as dictator
Held the consulship, appointed his only people as magistrates and gave himself sancrosanctitas
Suetonius on Caesar
People saluted him with the title rex and tried to put a crown on his head
Why was Caesar assaisnated
He was planning a campain in Parthia which could make him more powerful. Cassius, Brutus and the senate killed him because he was monopolizing the politcal offices
Why was the triumvirate started
After Caesars death Lepidus, Antony and Octavius wasnted to kill his assains. Turned into them fighting for the power and support he had
Mutina
Brutus in the governor of gaul and Antony goes up there to unseat him and take the troops. The senate sends the 2 consuls and Octavius up there to rescue brutus. Brutus survives, Lepidus and Antony are in spain and octavian marches to rome to demand consulship
Cicero on octavian
Thought he should be given imperium by making him propraetor. Thinks he will listen to him because he is old and wise but forgets where his allegiances will lie
Triumviri republicae constituendae
3 men reorganizin the state in time of crisis. Formal office made legit by a vote form tribune of the plebs. Same powers a dictator
Proscription
Legal execution of personal rivals and public enemy that Antony used to kill cicero
Brutus and Cassius after mutina
Trying to gain support in the eastern empoire but Antony and Octavian kill them in greece
Triumvirate end
Lepidus is pushed out and then eventually exiled by octavian. Antony gets the East in provincial realloctaion and builds ties with Egypt and then fials at taking parthia
Donations of alexandria
Antony gives terriotry to Cleopatra and her kids to build a relationship with egypt
Dio on Donations of alexandria
Rumours that if he won he would hand the city of rome over to egypt
Suetonius
Octavian opened Antonys will to show he made cleos kids his heirs. used it to spark public outrage and gain supoort
Actium
Octavian and Antony fight on dividing line between east and west and octavian wins and antony kills himself
Dio on octavian and the principate
Makes a show of abolishing the unjust regulations set up in the war
First Augustan settlement
Speaks with the senate. Gives them back their power. Restore the rihts and law of people and restore the republic
Strabo on FAS
He took the provinces in need of military garrison but gave the rest of the power back to the senate
Augustus on FAS
Senate bestows him with honours and names him augustus in thanks for returning the power
Augustus quote on FAS
I have supreme power by universal consent and transfer the state from my own power to the people of rome and the senate
Potestas
Political power that ends when you leave office. Augustus has n mor eof this than others
Auctoritas
Perosonal influence and power. augustus has more which is the base of his power
imperium proconsulare maius
To veil his power Augustus regins after his 6 th consulship and gives himself this title which gives him control over all the troops in the empire. Also gets tribunician power to pass laws and vito magistrates
Keys to augutus success
Veiled power with princeps
Paid the army well
Gave the poeple games
Gave the elite thei rpower in politcs back
Tacctitus on Augustus power
Slaveish obedience was the best way to survive financially and politically
How did Caesar and pompey compete for public support
Theatre of pompey and voting booths. Build extravagant public buildings
Vallerius maximus Romulus hut
No riches can be preferred to the modest means of men like these
Paterculus on houses
An owner wanted his house to be built so whatever he does will be seen by all
tablinium
Room at rear of house for more formal events requiring privacy
Peristyle
Small indoor garden
Triclinium
Dining area near rear
cicero on amicitia
Cicero reccommends his freind to servius and expects that servius will tell hsi friend of his kindess
Seneca on patrons
Said patrons were rude and would leave clients after waiting for a long time or slip out the back door if they didnt feel like seeing them
Seneca on clients
Said they would seek out rich old patrons in hopes of inheriting their money
Salutation
Morning meeting where client would see if patron wass in need of any services
Cato on slaves
Sell the old oxen, tools, wagons and sick or old slaves and whatever else was superfluous
Varo on slaves
Worked better when treated with generosity
Pliny on slaves
A roman equestrian would throw his slaves in a pond of eels
Sallust on republic luxury
Lavish in offerings to the gods, frugal in their homes
Good and bad luxury in the republic
Good: modest means associated with with indigenous countryside
Bad: Life of riches associated with influx of foreign wealth
Cicero on morality and luxury
Morality strongly related to work ehtic– In the good old days senators would work on their farms
Sallust on imperial luxury
Augustus razed a house to the ground that his granddaughter built to show it didnt fit with traditional values
Imperial luxury
Good: Spending lavishly on the public and the gods
Bad: private luxury
Pliny on luxury
Degeneration of traditional trades like farming in pursuit of wealth. Desire for money makes people lazy
But also looked down on simplicity of germanic tribes
Pliny good and bad luxury
Good: Natural luxury working in conjunction with nature
Bad: unnecessary luxury that contaminates natures beauty
Pliny luxury quote
Probe her entrailsand dig in her veins for metals and gems
Northern chracteristics
Brave, war-like, unintelligent, undiscliplined, undercivilized
Vitruvius on race
Northeners are chilled by the thick climate and dampness which makes them sluggish. Southeners minds are made acute by the heat making them quick
South characteristics
Quick witted, unwar like and cowardly
Vitruvius on Rome
The gods allotted the land of Rome because it is divine and temperate – rational basis to look down on people
East
Lack morality, over elaborate clothing, soft cowardly and clever
How do they rationalize hate for the east
Immoral because of luxury and have kings which is not republican
Why did rome hate egypt
Antony wanted to take capitol to alexandria and take Rome away from its divine land
Greeks
Seen as decadent easterners, luxurious and untrustworthy because of oratory. But they were powerful and required a more sophisticated response
Requirements for marriage
Citizens
Same social class
Consent from grooms father
Pre 3rd century marriage
woman under legal power of husband, could have no private finances and could not initiate divorce
Sine manu marriage
Gave more power to wife. Remianed in legal power of father, could own her own property and initiate divorce
Augustine on marriage
Describes an abusive relationship where wife served husband like a master. Men could punish women however they wanted
Pliny on otium
A mans pleasures tell you of his true worth, moral excellence and self-control
Quintillian
Sloth leads to immorality. Feared laziness would make his son become a criminal
Proper otium
For the dinified elite, worthwhile, stimulating, productive pursuits that are for personal development. Will make you a better citizen and help Rome
Difference between modern and Roman leisure
Our leisure is personal, Roman leisure is for the good of rome
Cicero on alea
Said marc antony wasted his life in brothels, drinking and gambling
Columella on alea
Urban plebs are a lazy race of slaves habituated to leisure like chariot races, theatre, brothels and dice
Ludi
Public games put on by the emperor during religious holidays often to win support of the people
Munera
Privately sponsored games put on by wealthy families at any time. Augustus tried to limit these
