Beliefs in society - Introduction to beliefs

Question 1

What are the 4 definitions of religion?

Answer 1

1- Functional Definition
2- Substantiate Definition
3-Polythetic Definition
4- Social Constructionist Definition

Question 2

Explain the functional definition of religion

Answer 2

• Defines religion in terms of the social or psychological functions it performs
• Is inclusive as allows a wide range of beliefs and practices to be seen as religious
• Marx’s definition of religion is functional as it says religion provides us with comfort

Question 3

Criticisms of the functional definition of religion

Answer 3

-Is flawed as is too inclusive, even includes anything that performs a function for a person as a religion even when that’s not the case.

Question 4

Explain the substantive definition of religion

Answer 4

• Defines religion via its content ie) what it is
• A connection to a belief in a supernatural being has to be present to consider an organisation as a religion
• So, is exclusive as clear line drawn b/w beliefs
• Durkheim’s definition of religion = substantive

Question 5

Criticisms of the substantive definition

Answer 5

Hamilton argues it fails to recognise religions like Buddhism, which don’t have belief in the supernatural

Question 6

Explain the polythetic definition of religion

Answer 6

-A mix of functional and substantive as identifies overlapping factors most religions share

Question 7

Criticisms of the polythetic definition of religion

Answer 7

-Way too broad

Question 8

Explain the Social Constructionist definition of religion

Answer 8

• Argues a single definition of religion is impossible
• And religion doesn’t always need to involve a belief in the supernatural and doesn’t need to perform the same functions for all members of society

Question 9

Criticisms of the Social Constructionist definition of religion

Answer 9

-This view makes it impossible to generalise the nature of religion