Beliefs In Society Flashcards
Define Ideology?
Refers to a set of ideas, values and beliefs that provides a means of interpreting the world and represents the outlook and justifies the interests of a social group
Define beliefs?
Are ideas about things we hold to be true.
In what ways can ideology be defined in a variety of ways?
- provides a particular vision of interpreting the world.
- presents only a partial, incomplete or false view of reality.
- expresses and justifies the interests of a particular social or political group.
Define pluralism?
Is the view that’s sees power spread among a wide range of interests groups and individuals,
With no group or individual having monopoly power.
What is the pluralist ideology? And it’s criticisms?
Suggests there are many different types of social groups, each with their own ideologies, or means of interpreting the world which live alongside each other in society.
No ideology had the ability to dominate other ideologies.
Criticisms:
- falls into the trap of itself- claiming superiority over other ideologies.
- denies there may be an unequal distribution of power in society
- not all social groups are equally able to influence those with power or get their brows accepted in society.
- conceals the fact that is an unequal distribution of power in society by trying to persuade this isn’t the case.
What is the Marxist-dominant ideology?
Dominant ideology is a set of idea which justifies the social advantages of wealthy, powerful and influential groups in society whilst also justifying the disadvantages of those who lack power and influence.
Marxists believe that the ideas people hold are formed by their position in society and ideas of a particulate social group is a reflection of their interests
What did Mannheim say in regards to dominant ideology?
Viewed the dominant ideology with ability to conceal the inequalities in a capitalist society and preserving the privileged position of the dominant class.
What did Althusser believe?
The dominant ideology was spread through a series of ideological state apparatus which justified the power of the dominant social class.
E.g education system, Mercia, law and religion
What did Gramsci (1971) say?
Believed in the concept of hegemony- refers to where the dominant ideology maintain their power by persuading other social classes and particularly the working class to adopt the ruling class ideology as a part of their own beliefs and values therefore consenting to the rule of the ruling class.
E.g Religion
What is the patriarchal ideology?
Identified by feminist who believe is a set of ideas which supports and justifies the power of men in a patriarchal society.
Some feminists may regard many religions to be patriarchal in structure and ideology.
What are political ideologies?
Provides a analysis and interpretation of how society should work and how power should be used by governments to influence events and change society .
E.g nationalism, liberalism, fascism, communism or anarchism.
What is scientism?
Scientism is a belief system or ideology that claims science and the scientific method alone can provide true knowledge and understanding of the world and rejects any alleged truths that cannot be explained by scientific methods.
Mostly uses empirical evidence- observable evidence collected in the physical or social world.
Science follows conditions as ideology, which are?
Objectivity- means approaching topics with an open mind, avoiding bias and being prepared to submit research evidence to scrutiny by other researchers.
Value freedom- the idea that the beliefs and prejudices of a researcher should not influence the way research is carried out and evidence is interpreted.
What did Popper(2002) suggest about scientific methods? Name 5
- Hypothesis formation-
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