Beliefs - ideology & science Flashcards
Science has replaced religion - 4 points
- Rationalisation - decline in plausibility
2 . Technological worldview - Disenchantment
- Structural Differentiation (healthcare)
Science has NOT replaced religion - 5 points
- Some groups still religious
2 Rise of NAMs - Spiritual Shopping
- MC Hindus in science industries
- Rise of fundamentalism
Science is an open system
- Falsification
- CUDOS Norms
- Paradigm shift
Science is a closed system
- Interpretivism
- Conflict Theories
- Paradigms
- Velinovsky Affair
-Falsification
-Open
-Popper
-Disprove existing theories
-Never any absolute proof
-Allows science to grow/develop
-999 white swans example
-Open to scrutiny, criticism + testing
CUDOS Norms
-Open
-Merton
-Communism - share with community to grow
-Universalism - open to be judges/criticised
-Disinterestedness - scientists committed to
discovering knowledge for own sake
-Organised Scepticism - No knowledge-claim
is scared
Paradigm Shift
-Open
-Scientific revolution occurs
-E.g, Earth was flat
-New paradigm formed - built up on new
evidence
-Change can be made to knowledge/beliefs
Interpretivism
-Closed
-All knowledge is socially constructed
-Tell them what they expect to see - not
objective truth
-Woolgar - scientists have to decide what
“evidence” means- persuade others of their
interpretation
-Cambridge Uni students - objects in sky-
emitting pulsars - LGM
-Unacceptable interpretation - concluded they
came from pulsars.
Conflict Theories
MARXISM- science is controlled by powerful + is an ideology. Knowledge isn’t pure truth - serves interest of dominant group. eg, Listerine-false need for mouthwash-capitalism. - American football - concussion.
FEMINISM- science = manipulated to support male domination. eg-“women have smaller brains” -justify women being denied the vote+education.
Paradigms
-Closed
-Kuhn
-Builds up on previous knowledge
-scientific developments are not gradual but revolutionary upheavals.
-socialised into the faith of science
-puzzle solving- fill in gaps - people cannot question or change fundamental beliefs of science,
Paradigm definition
a set of shared ideas and assumptions
Velikovsky Affair
-published book - “worlds in collision” - challenged the paradigm
- scientific community was against his book
-Efforts made to block sharing of his ideas=punish supporters.
- science community dismissed work as fantasy + sci-fi.
- silenced his work because it contradicted their beliefs - instead of falsifying
