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Sikhism beliefs & practices > Beliefs > Flashcards

Beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

Mool Mantra: There is one God

The nature of God as expressed in the Mool Mantra

A

Ik Onkar

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2
Q

Mool Mantra: God is the Creator

The nature of God as expressed in the Mool Mantra

A

Karta Purkh

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3
Q

Mool Mantra: God is beyond time

The nature of God as expressed in the Mool Mantra

A

Akaal Moorat

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4
Q

Mool Mantra: God is realised through the Gurus grace

The nature of God as expressed in the Mool Mantra

A

Gur Prasaad

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5
Q

Importance of Mool Mantra
(3)

significance of the Mool Mantra

A
  1. it is the opening lines of the Guru Granth Sahib.

2.The first line of the Mool Mantra is “Ik Onkar”. This symbolises the importance of the belief in the oneness of all

  1. The Mool Mantra is part of Sikhs’ daily prayer and is taught to young Sikh children
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6
Q

God as separate to the universe

different aspects of God’s relationship with creation

A

Nirgun

He is ineffable, and transcendent

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7
Q

Nirgun quote

Different aspects of God’s relationship with creation:

A

He is the perfect transcendent lord

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8
Q

God shown in the universe

Different aspects of God’s relationship with creation:

A

Sargun
He is present within everything via the divine spark

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9
Q

Sargun quote

A

Recognise the Lords light is within all

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10
Q

Comparison of Sargun and Nirgun

Different aspects of God’s relationship with creation:

A
  • Both the Sargun and Nirgun forms are equally powerful, as they belong to one God.
    ​
  • Yet, the Nirgun form is the one which a devotee must meditate on in order to merge with God. You cannot reach sachkhand, as it does not involve physical dimensions
    ​
  • Sargun recognises the oneness of humanity, as each person contains the divine spark.
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11
Q

Samsara

human life as an opportunity to unite with God

A

Birth, death and rebirth
The oppurtunity to reach Waheguru in mukti.

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12
Q

Term for* God centered*

human life as an opportunity to unite with God

A

Gurmukh

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13
Q

Meditating on Gods name

How to be Gurmukh

A

Nam Japna

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14
Q

Earning an honest living

How to be Gurmukh

A

Kirat Karna

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15
Q

Giving to Charity and helping others

How to be Gurmukh

A

Wand Chakna

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16
Q

Performing selfless service

How to be Gurmukh

A

Sewa

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17
Q

Three forms of Sewa

How to be Gurmukh

A

Tan- Physical
Man- Mental
Dhan- Material

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18
Q

Why is performing Sewa important

A
  1. it demonstrates the belief in equality and the importance of all people
  2. it serves others, showing humility
  3. it shows love for Waheguru, as you are showing love to his creation
  4. it stops Sikhs becoming manmukh, because their focus is on the needs of others rather than themselves
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19
Q

Evaluation of the three forms of Sewa.

A

All three aspects of sewa are equally important. Sikhs try to complete all three on a regular basis.

However, depending on their individual circumstances, a Sikh might be able to perform one type of sewa more than the others.

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20
Q

What is Daswandh

A

A form of Sewa.
Giving a tenth of ones income, in the name of the Guru.

Reminds people to deter from worldly possesions and the importance of equality (supporting others)

Not the same as Dhan, as this is for maintenance of gudwara.

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21
Q

6 of the Sikh Virtues

the development of Sikh virtues

A

1.Truthful living
2.Compassion
3.Contentment
4.Humility
5.Love
6.Wisdom

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22
Q

Truthful living impact

the development of Sikh virtues

A

Sikhs believe that Waheguru is truth and so truthful living will enable them to get closer to God.

  • Living an honest life
  • Ensuring injustice in the world is dealt with
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23
Q

Compassion impact

the development of Sikh virtues

A

Waheguru cares for all of creation and so Sikhs believe it is their duty to be compassionate towards others.

  • Support those who are suffering (Langar)
  • Tolerance to all, no prejudice
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24
Q

Contentment impact

the development of Sikh virtues

A

Sikhs believe that because everything is Hukam (God’s will), they should be content.

  • SHould focus on Waheguru not material possesions
  • Believe contentment leads to happines
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25
Q

Humility impact

the development of Sikh virtues

A

Self-control, or temperance, is important to Sikhs because it allows them to remain focused on Waheguru, and reminds them of equality.

  • Regular prayer ( Nam Simran)
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26
Q

Love Impact

the development of Sikh virtues

A

Sikhs believe that Waheguru is omnibenevolent and loves his creation.

  • All of humanity dserves to be treated with dignity and respect
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27
Q

Wisdom impact

the development of Sikh virtues

A

Sikhs it is important to understand the importance of keeping their mind on Waheguru at all times. Developed through living a Gurmukh life.

  • Learn about Waheguru and the faith
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28
Q

Wisdom Quote

The development of sikh virtues

A

spiritual wisdom does not enter into their hearts; they are like dead bodies in the world.

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29
Q

Importance of Sikh virtues quote

A

With your mind, body and mouth praise the virtues of God;.

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30
Q

How many reincarnations do some shabads suggest the atma goes through

Reincarnation

A

8.4 million

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31
Q

8.4 million Quote

A

They go through the cycle of 8.4 million reincarnations, and they are ruined through death and rebirth.

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32
Q

What is the atma also recognised as

Reincarnation

A

The divine spark

33
Q

What determines the body the atmas (of both humans and animals) are born into

A

The Karma gained in the previous life.

34
Q

What is Karma

A

The consequences of a persons actions and words

35
Q

What happens to the atma if a human has gained bad Karma

A

They are reborn into the body of an animal

36
Q

What happens if an animal/human has gained good Karma

A

They are born into the body of a Human, considered the highest possible being on earth

37
Q

How does Karma contribute to mukti

A

Can be done by building up good Karma via two ways:

  1. Accepting the Wahegurus grace and love (The first Khand)
  2. Good deeds: Kirat Karna, Wand Chakna and Nam Japna.
38
Q

Karma Quote

A

The body is the field of karma and in this age; whatever shall plant, you shall harvest.

39
Q

What is Mukti

A

Liberation and reunion with Waheguru.
The ultimate goal.

40
Q

Three beliefs about Mukti.

A
  • In order to reach it Sikhs must rid themselves of all bad Karma, and gain only good Karma
  • It is ineffable. It cannot be explained only experienced
  • Mukti can be achieved whilst someone is alive; Jivan Mukti
41
Q

Mukti Quote

A

I crave not for a Kingdom, nor even for mukti, what I long for is the lotus feet of the Lord.

42
Q

What are the negative and positive aspects of Mukti

A

Positive: The Virtues
Gurmukh

Negative: The Five evils
Manmukh

43
Q

What are the five evils

A
  • Pride
  • Anger
  • Lust
  • Greed
  • Worldly attatchment
44
Q

Manmukh quote

A

Manmukh does not remember the Lord, and shall regret and repent hereafter

45
Q

Maya

Negative aspects of mukti

A

The belief that material possesions in the world are permanent and valuable when they are not

46
Q

Haumai

Negative aspects of Mukti

A

Excessive pride and ego, making the person to manmukh to see God.

47
Q

Haumai Quote

Negative aspects of Mukti

A

Egotism is opposed to the name of the Lord

48
Q

Two Key beliefs about the Five Khands

A
  1. Sikhs believe that they have to go through several stages (khands) to reach mukti
  2. they usually do not happen in one lifetime, but over several lifetimes
49
Q

First Khand

A

Piety

All humans are born into piety, opportunity to accept waheguru

  • Begin to devote their lives.
50
Q

The Second Khand

A

Knowledge

This is gained by devoting time to Waheguru and learning about him

  • Become spiritually aware of Waheguru.
51
Q

The third Khand

A

Effort

To devote yourself to God, the have made develop themselves spiritually and help for others.

  • realise the importance of Kirat Karna, Wand Chakna and Nam Japna
  • Become disciplined in daily acts of worship
52
Q

The fourth Khand

A

Grace

This is only reached when God takes part in this persons development.

  • They have overcome the five vices
53
Q

Fifth Khand

A

Truth
​
Finding God in his completeness, it cannot be described only experienced.

54
Q

Oneness of humanity
Two Quotes

The nature of human life

A

Ik Onkar

Recognise the Lords light is within all

55
Q

Why do Sikhs believe in the oneness of humanity

The nature of human life

A

Sikhs believe that everyone was created by God (Waheguru), and also that all humans have the divine spark of God within them.

56
Q

What is the signfiicance of Guru Nanak rejecting the Hindu Sacred Thread ceremony

Key events: Guru Nanak

A

Displays that he rejected idolaltry.

  • Sikhs now do not have pictures to represent Waheguru, the only symbols sikhs use are the Khanda and the Ik Onkar
57
Q

What is the significance of Guru Nanak giving food to holy men instead of selling it for profit.

Key events:

A

He undesrtood the imporatnce of helping those who had nothing, and that this was more important than profit.

  • Kirat Karna
  • Donate to others through Dhan and Dasvandh.
58
Q

Guru Nanak
River Bain
Equality quote

A

* God is neither Hindu nor Muslim*

59
Q

* God is neither Hindu nor Muslim*

Significance on Sikhs today

A

They welcome all beings into the Gudwara and offer food from the Langar.
- The perform Sewa and treat everyone with respect and dignity.

60
Q

What was Guru Nanaks thoughts on the Caste system

A

Thought it was irrelevant as to how people relate to God

61
Q

What did Guru Nanak do that established the langar

A

On his travels, he shared food with everyone, which established the langar.

He shared with everyone regardless of their occupation, class, caste, gender or wealth.

62
Q

What were the first five members of the Khalsa called

Guru Gobind Singh,

A

Panj Pyare

63
Q

How does Guru Gobind Singhs formation of the Khalsa influence sikhs today.

A
  1. The story shows the rejection of the caste system and the belief in the oneness of humanity, because all five men were from different castes.
  2. The names Singh and Kaur represent equality and fairness within all humanity. These names are given to all individuals who enter the Khalsa today to reflect this belief.
64
Q

How did Guru Angad display equality

A

Guru Angad set up schools to help young people to read and write Gurmukhi.

65
Q

How did Guru Amar Das display equality

A

Made sure that those who came to consult him about religious matters were always treated to a meal before the talks began, everyone was given the same meal.

66
Q

How did Guru Amar Das display gender equality

A

appointed 52 women missionaries to spread the message of Sikhism.

67
Q

Sangat

A

The formation of people in the presence of the GGS, to worship and learn about Waheguru.

68
Q

What does the Sangat do when gathered in the Gudwara

A
  1. Sing Kirtans
  2. Nam Japna
69
Q

What is the role of the Sangat

A
  1. provides a community in which Sikhs can worship collectively
  2. Gives Sikhs the oppurtunity to partake in Nam Japna
  3. Ensures Sikhs stay on Gods path with the influence of others.
  4. Reenforces equality, as anyone is welcome.
70
Q

What did Guru nanak say about the Sangat

A

The sangat is important as it helps Sikhs to follow God’s path.

71
Q

Sangat Quote

A

renounce your ego in the Saadh Sangat, the Company of the Holy.

72
Q

How does the Sangat benefit the community.

A
  1. help with the running of the gurdwara
    2.help to teach children Punjabi
    3.help in the langar
73
Q

What is Nihang

A

Someone whom lives life with fear.
An order of fighting Sikhs, famous for their military victories.

74
Q

Nihang quote

A

Being fearless, he becomes a ‘Nihang’

75
Q

How the actions of the Nihang considered Sewa.

A

They are defenders of the Sangat

They are expected to display high moral charecter and be generous.

They devote their lives selflessly and live by the sikh virtues.

76
Q

What is the Singificance of the GGS

A
  • Believed to be the infallible word of God
  • It is considered as the Living Guru, because the Gurmukhi scripture is considered the word of God and therefore treated with the respect a human would be.
77
Q

What is the significance of who wrote the Adi Granth

A

The Adi Granth is a compilation of hyms and prayers written by both Sikh and Muslim writers who were from lower castes

78
Q

Adi Granth quote on Gender equality

A

Why should we talk ill of her…there is none without her.

79
Q

Equality in the Langar

A
  • All gudwaras offer langar
  • The food is always vegetarian to be accesible
  • both genders prepare, cook and serve the food
  • All eat together

Sikhism beliefs & practices (3 decks)

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