Behvior Assessment

Question 1

Behavior assessment

Answer 1

Identify and describe target behaviors
Identify possible causes of target behavior
Select appropriate treatment strategies to modify behaviors
Evaluate treatment outcomes

Question 2

Minimal phases of program

Answer 2

Screening/intake
Forms and reason for seeking service
Preprogram/baseline assessment
Asses levels of target behavior prior to treatment
Identify possible controlling variables of behaviors to be changes
Treatment
Follow up
Determine whether improvements have been maintained after treatments

Question 3

Graphs

Answer 3

Frequency: rate of instances of behavior in a given time period
Self-charting: to track client progress
Cumulative: average slope
Interval: number of responses occurred during time period
Time sampling: dividing observation period into equal intervals and record target behavior within each interval

Question 4

Types of functional assessment

Answer 4

Interview and questionnaire:
Consistent way to gather information
Saves time by potential reinforces
Observation:
Observe and describe antecedents and consequences of behavior in natural setting
Form hypothesis about antecedents and consequences

Question 5

Major causes of problem behaviors

Answer 5

Maintained by social reinforcement
External sensory positive reinforcement
Social negative reinforcement
Internal sensory negativity reinforcement
External sensory negative reinforcement
Respondent or elicited problem behaviors
Medical causes of problem behaviors

Question 6

Maintained by social reinforcement

Answer 6

Attention from others:individual approaches attention given prior to disruptive behavior
Smiles prior to disruptive behaviors
Treatment: give attention at other times
Reduces attention to behaviors
Self-stimulation: behavior is self reinforcing
Continues at a steady rate
Treatment: includes sensory stimulation of alternative behaviors
Reduced stimulation level of behavior

Question 7

External sensory positive reinforcement

Answer 7

External sensory reinforcement:
Behavior maintained by reinforcing sight and sounds from non social external environment
Behavior continues undiminished even if it has no social consequences over numerous occasions
Treatment: sensory reinforcement of desirable alternative behavior

Question 8

Social negative reinforcement

Answer 8

Individuals engage in behavior only when certain demands/ requests made
Escape from aversive stimulus or undesirable demands
Treatment: persists with requests until compliance
Teach others response
Programs where level of difficult of requested behavior starts low and increases

Question 9

Internal sensory negative reinforcement

Answer 9

Child scratching face to relieve unpleasant sensations caused by allergic reaction

Question 10

External sensory negative reinforcement

Answer 10

Squinting into bright light
Covering ears to escape loud noise

Question 11

Respondent or elicited problem behavior

Answer 11

Behavior elected rather than controlled by consequences
Aggression by aversive stimuli
Behavior seems involuntary
Treatment: establishing one or more responses that compete with problem behaviors

Question 12

Medical causes of problem behaviors

Answer 12

Problem emerges suddenly and does not seem to be related to any changes in individual’s environment
Behavioral diagnosis:
Therapists diagnosis problem after examining antecedents, consequences and medical and nutritional variables as potential causes of problem behaviors
Development of treatment plan based on diagnosis

Question 13

Token economies

Answer 13

Tokens earned for desirable behaviors and exchange them for back up reinforces

Question 14

Advantages of tokens economies

Answer 14

Can be given immediately
Pieced with different up reinforces
Consistent and effective reinforcers for individuals in different motivational states

Question 15

Setting up and managing token economy in target behaviors

Answer 15

Type of individuals involved
Short-long range objectives s
Specific behavioral problems that interferes with objects

Question 16

Baselines and data

Answer 16

Keep date to evaluate program’s effectiveness

Question 17

Tokens are

Answer 17

Durable
Easy to handle
Difficult to steal
Difficult to counterfeit

Question 18

Select back up reinforces

Answer 18

Avoid ethical problems
Can’t deprive someone of something that legally and morally belong to them
Access to back up reinforcers occur weekly, trading points earned for privilege
Use response costs reduces to punish inappropriate behaviors

Question 19

Managing back up reinforcers

Answer 19

Consider general way to dispersing
Store , commissary and box teacher’s desk
Record keeping and adequate inventory
Decide token price if each back up reinforcers
Higher price for items in demand
Therapeutic value of back up reinforcers

Question 20

Ethical considerations

Answer 20

Must take precautions to avoid abuse
Make system unlicensed to avoid abuse

Question 21

Cognitive restructuring methods

Answer 21

2 assumptions:
Individuals interpret and react to event cognitively <- perceived significance to others
Defective/ maladaptive cognitions -> behavioral/ emotional disorders

Question 22

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

Answer 22

Helps people identify and change irrational thoughts
ABC theory:
A= activating events B= belief C= consequences

Question 23

Back’s cognitive therapy

Answer 23

Faulty thought pattern -> behavioral/ emotional problems
Dichotomous thinking
Overgeneralization
Arbitrary influence
Magnification

Question 24

Self directed coping methods by Meichenbaum

Answer 24

Self- instructional training:
Teaches client to identify internal stimuli <- stressful situations
Use self talk to counteract negative statements in stressful situations
Take appropriate actions
Make self reinforcing action

Question 25

Stress innoculation

Answer 25

Reinterpretion
Coping training
Application

Question 26

Problem solving training

Answer 26

Logical reasoning to satisfaction solutions to personal problems

Question 27

Steps in personal problem solving

Answer 27

General orientation
Problem definition
Generation of alternatives
Decision making
Implantation
Verification

Question 28

Mindfulness & acceptance strategies

Answer 28

Mindfulness : non judgement awareness, observations and descriptions of one ‘s overt or covert behaviors as they occur
Acceptance: refraining from judging one’s sensations and behaviors

Question 29

Behavioral view of ethics

Answer 29

Purpose: protection of client and behavior modifier
Ethics: standards for behavior developed by culture to promote survival or that culture

Question 30

Ethical guidelines

Answer 30

Qualifications of the behavior modifier: academics and supervised practical training
Definition of problem and selection goals: establish functional, age appropriate skills
Selection of treatment: use more effective, empirically validated methods with least discomfort and fewest negative side effects
Record keeping and ongoing evaluation: maintain s of accurate date throughout programs
Behavioral assessment before program
Ongoing monitoring of target behaviors
Possible side effects
Appropriate follow-up evaluations after treatment
Ensure counter control and accountability: client access to records
Frequency discussions with client about progress in programs
Periodic peer evaluation of data