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Behavioral Neuroscience > Behavrial Neuroscience Terms > Flashcards

Behavrial Neuroscience Terms Flashcards

1
Q

CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE

A

CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE

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2
Q

What is neuroscience?

A

The scientific study of the brain and nervous system and health and disease.

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3
Q

What is behavioral neuroscience – biological psychology?

A

The study of the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes.

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4
Q

What is mind-body dualism?

A

A philosophical perspective put forward by Renée Descartes’s in which the body is mechanic where is the mind is separate and nonphysical.

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5
Q

What is monism?

A

A philosophical perspective Cara stick of the neurosciences in which the mine is viewed as the product of activity in the brain.

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6
Q

What is phrenology?

A

The misguided effort to correlate character traits with bumps in the skull.

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7
Q

What is histology?

A

The study of cells and tissues at the microscopic level.

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8
Q

What is microtome?

A

A device used to make a very thin slices of tissue for histology.

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9
Q

What is Goji silver stain?

A

Hey stain developed by Camillo Goji used to observe single neurons.

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10
Q

What is nissil stain?

A

A stain used to view populations of cell bodies.

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11
Q

What is on my lien stain

A

A stain used to trace neural pathways.

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12
Q

What is horseradish peroxidase?

A

Hey stain used to trace axon pathways from the terminals to points of the origin.

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13
Q

What is autopsy?

A

Examination of body tissues following death.

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14
Q

What is computerized tomography CT?

A

And imaging technology in which computers are used to enhance x-ray images.

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15
Q

What is positron a mission tomography PET?

A

And imaging technique that provides information regarding the localization of brain activity.

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16
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging MRI?

A

And imaging technique that provides a very high resolution structural images.

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17
Q

What is voxel?

A

Short for volume pixel. A pixel is the smallest distinguishable square part of a two dimensional image. Voxel is the smallest distinguishable box a part of a three-dimensional image.

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18
Q

What is functional MRI parentheses F MRI and parentheses

A

Technology using a series of MRI images taken 1 to 4 seconds apart in order to assess the activity of the brain.

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19
Q

What is diffusion tensor imaging DTI?

A

Use of MRI technology to trace fiber pathways in the brain up by tracking the flow of water.

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20
Q

What is electroencephalogram EEG?

A

The recording of the brains electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp.

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21
Q

What is an event related potential ERP?

A

And alternation in the EEG recording produced in response to the application of a particular stimulus.

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22
Q

What is magnetoencephalography ? MEG

A

Technology for recording make magnetic output of the brain.

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23
Q

What is single so recording?

A

The recording of the activity of single neurons through microelectrode surgically implanted in the area of interest.

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24
Q

What is repeated trans cranial magnetic stimulation our TMS?

A

Hey technique for stimulating the cortex at regular intervals by applying at magnetic pole through a wire coil encased in plastic and placed on the scalp.

25
Q

What is up to optogenetics?

A

The genetic insertion of molecules into specific neurons that allows the activity of the neurons to be controlled by light.

26
Q

What is a lesion?

A

Pathological or traumatic damage to tissue period.

27
Q

What is ablation?

A

The surgical removal of tissue.

28
Q

What is microdialysis?

A

A technique for assessing the chemical composition of a very small area of the brain.

29
Q

What is concordance rate?

A

The statistical probability that two cases will agree; usually used to predict the risk of an identical twin or developing a condition already diagnosed and his or her twin.

30
Q

What is heritability?

A

The amount that a trait varies in a population due to genetics.

31
Q

What is a knockout gene?

A

A gene used to replace a normal gene that does not produce a protein product of been normal gene.

32
Q

What is epigenetic’s?

A

The development of traits by factors that influence the performance of jeans without changing the underlined jeans themselves.

33
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A cell that can divide and differentiate into other types of cells.

34
Q

CHAPTER 2: FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSYEM

A

CHAPTER 2: FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSYEM

35
Q

What is rostral?

A

A directional term meaning toward the head of a four-legged animal.

36
Q

What is caudal?

A

A directional term meaning toward the tail of a four-legged animal.

37
Q

What is ventral?

A

A directional term meaning toward the belly of a four-legged animal.

38
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Directional term meaning toward the back of a four-legged animal.

39
Q

What does neuraxis mean?

A

And imaginary line that runs the length of the spinal cord it to the front of the brain.

40
Q

What is anterior?

A

Hey directional turn meaning toward the front.

41
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

Directional terms meaning toward the rear.

42
Q

What does superior mean?

A

A directional term meaning toward the top.

43
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Directional term meaning toward the bottom.

44
Q

What is midline?

A

And imaginary line dividing the body into two equal halves.

45
Q

What is ipsilateral?

A

A directional term referring to structures on the same side of the midline.

46
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

A directional term referring to structures on opposite sides of the midline.

47
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Directional term meaning toward the midline.

48
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Directional terminating away from the midline.

49
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

A directional term that means closer to center; usually applied to limbs; opposite of distan

50
Q

What does distal mean?

A

A directional term meaning farther away from another structure, usually in reference to limbs.

51
Q

What does cornal/frontal section mean?

A

An anatomical section dividing the brain front to back.

52
Q

What is Sagittal section?

A

An anatomical section that is parallel to the midline.

53
Q

Midsagittal section?

A

A Sagittal section that divides the brain into two approximately equal halfs.

54
Q

What is horizontal/axial/transverse ?

A

An abatomical section that divides the Brian from top to bottom.

55
Q

What are meanings?

A

The layers of membranes that cover the central nervous system CNS and the peripheral nerves.

56
Q

What is dura mater?

A

The outermost of the three layers of meanings; found in both the central and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

57
Q

What is arachnoid layer?

A

The middle layer of the meanings covering the central nervous system.

58
Q

What is pia mater?

A

The innermost

T

Behavioral Neuroscience (3 decks)

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