Behavrial Neuroscience Terms Flashcards
CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
What is neuroscience?
The scientific study of the brain and nervous system and health and disease.
What is behavioral neuroscience – biological psychology?
The study of the biological foundations of behavior, emotions, and mental processes.
What is mind-body dualism?
A philosophical perspective put forward by Renée Descartes’s in which the body is mechanic where is the mind is separate and nonphysical.
What is monism?
A philosophical perspective Cara stick of the neurosciences in which the mine is viewed as the product of activity in the brain.
What is phrenology?
The misguided effort to correlate character traits with bumps in the skull.
What is histology?
The study of cells and tissues at the microscopic level.
What is microtome?
A device used to make a very thin slices of tissue for histology.
What is Goji silver stain?
Hey stain developed by Camillo Goji used to observe single neurons.
What is nissil stain?
A stain used to view populations of cell bodies.
What is on my lien stain
A stain used to trace neural pathways.
What is horseradish peroxidase?
Hey stain used to trace axon pathways from the terminals to points of the origin.
What is autopsy?
Examination of body tissues following death.
What is computerized tomography CT?
And imaging technology in which computers are used to enhance x-ray images.
What is positron a mission tomography PET?
And imaging technique that provides information regarding the localization of brain activity.
What is magnetic resonance imaging MRI?
And imaging technique that provides a very high resolution structural images.
What is voxel?
Short for volume pixel. A pixel is the smallest distinguishable square part of a two dimensional image. Voxel is the smallest distinguishable box a part of a three-dimensional image.
What is functional MRI parentheses F MRI and parentheses
Technology using a series of MRI images taken 1 to 4 seconds apart in order to assess the activity of the brain.
What is diffusion tensor imaging DTI?
Use of MRI technology to trace fiber pathways in the brain up by tracking the flow of water.
What is electroencephalogram EEG?
The recording of the brains electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp.
What is an event related potential ERP?
And alternation in the EEG recording produced in response to the application of a particular stimulus.
What is magnetoencephalography ? MEG
Technology for recording make magnetic output of the brain.
What is single so recording?
The recording of the activity of single neurons through microelectrode surgically implanted in the area of interest.
What is repeated trans cranial magnetic stimulation our TMS?
Hey technique for stimulating the cortex at regular intervals by applying at magnetic pole through a wire coil encased in plastic and placed on the scalp.
What is up to optogenetics?
The genetic insertion of molecules into specific neurons that allows the activity of the neurons to be controlled by light.
What is a lesion?
Pathological or traumatic damage to tissue period.
What is ablation?
The surgical removal of tissue.
What is microdialysis?
A technique for assessing the chemical composition of a very small area of the brain.
What is concordance rate?
The statistical probability that two cases will agree; usually used to predict the risk of an identical twin or developing a condition already diagnosed and his or her twin.
What is heritability?
The amount that a trait varies in a population due to genetics.
What is a knockout gene?
A gene used to replace a normal gene that does not produce a protein product of been normal gene.
What is epigenetic’s?
The development of traits by factors that influence the performance of jeans without changing the underlined jeans themselves.
What is a stem cell?
A cell that can divide and differentiate into other types of cells.
CHAPTER 2: FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSYEM
CHAPTER 2: FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSYEM
What is rostral?
A directional term meaning toward the head of a four-legged animal.
What is caudal?
A directional term meaning toward the tail of a four-legged animal.
What is ventral?
A directional term meaning toward the belly of a four-legged animal.
What does dorsal mean?
Directional term meaning toward the back of a four-legged animal.
What does neuraxis mean?
And imaginary line that runs the length of the spinal cord it to the front of the brain.
What is anterior?
Hey directional turn meaning toward the front.
What does posterior mean?
Directional terms meaning toward the rear.
What does superior mean?
A directional term meaning toward the top.
What does inferior mean?
Directional term meaning toward the bottom.
What is midline?
And imaginary line dividing the body into two equal halves.
What is ipsilateral?
A directional term referring to structures on the same side of the midline.
What does contralateral mean?
A directional term referring to structures on opposite sides of the midline.
What does medial mean?
Directional term meaning toward the midline.
What does lateral mean?
Directional terminating away from the midline.
What does proximal mean?
A directional term that means closer to center; usually applied to limbs; opposite of distan
What does distal mean?
A directional term meaning farther away from another structure, usually in reference to limbs.
What does cornal/frontal section mean?
An anatomical section dividing the brain front to back.
What is Sagittal section?
An anatomical section that is parallel to the midline.
Midsagittal section?
A Sagittal section that divides the brain into two approximately equal halfs.
What is horizontal/axial/transverse ?
An abatomical section that divides the Brian from top to bottom.
What are meanings?
The layers of membranes that cover the central nervous system CNS and the peripheral nerves.
What is dura mater?
The outermost of the three layers of meanings; found in both the central and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
What is arachnoid layer?
The middle layer of the meanings covering the central nervous system.
What is pia mater?
The innermost
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