Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Who established the behaviourist approach?

Answer 1

Skinner

Question 2

When was the behaviourist approach established?

Answer 2

1913

Question 3

What are the 4 assumptions about the humanist approach?

Answer 3

1) Behaviourist psychologists favour the lab experiment as it is scientific, meaning results conducted are measurable
2) All behaviour is a response to an event in the environment (we can make stimulus links)
3) Behaviour is determined by the environment and the mind is irrelevant
4) It is reasonable to extrapolate results from animal research to human behaviour. We learn the basics of human behaviour from animal research.

Question 4

What are the two main features of the behaviourist approach?

Answer 4

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Question 5

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Answer 5

Ivan pavlov

Question 6

How did Ivan Pavlov discover classical conditioning?

Answer 6

Pavlov revealed that dogs could be conditioned to the sound of the bell if the sound of the bell was rung every time food was present and this would produce the salvation responses every time they heard the bell

Question 7

What happened in phase one of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment

Answer 7

Food = Dog salivated - Unconditioned Response

Question 8

What happened in phase two of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment

Answer 8

Bell = No Salivation - No conditioned Response

Question 9

What happened in phase three of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment

Answer 9

Bell rung + Food = Salivation - Unconditioned Response

Question 10

What happened in phase four of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment

Answer 10

Bell Rung = Salivation - Conditioned Response

Question 11

Who conducted the Little Albert experiment?

Answer 11

Watson & Raynor

Question 12

What did Watson & Raynor discover?

Answer 12

They found that Little Albert associated a loud bang with the sight of a rat and was therefore, terrified of the rat

Question 13

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 13

The stimuli which has an initial effect on an animal

Question 14

What is the neutral stimulus?

Answer 14

The stimuli which has no initial effect on an animal

Question 15

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 15

The fear created by the unconditioned stimuli

Question 16

What is a conditioned response?

Answer 16

The fear created by the previous neutral stimuli, which has turned into a fear

Question 17

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 17

Learning through reinforcement

Question 18

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 18

This is being rewarded for displaying desired behaviour, increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated

Question 19

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 19

This is behaving in a way to prevent something negative from occurring, increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated

Question 20

What is punishment?

Answer 20

This is a negative consequence of behaviour, decreasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated

Question 21

Who established operant conditioning?

Answer 21

Skinner

Question 22

What was Skinner’s Rat method?

Answer 22

He would place one hungry rat into a skinner box which had a variety of stimuli (food, sound, lights and electric shocks). He would wait for the rats to accidentally run into the lever and discover that it either set off a stimuli or stopped a stimuli and calculate how long it took for the rat to realise it always did this.

Question 23

What was Skinner’s rat experiment positive reinforcement?

Answer 23

Press Lever = Food dispensed

Question 24

What was Skinner’s rat experiment negative reinforcement?

Answer 24

The rat had to press the lever to stop electric shocks

Question 25

What were Skinner’s results?

Answer 25

The more the rat was in the box, the quicker it realised what the lever could do