behaviourist approach Flashcards
names of the researcher in behaviourism
Watson
Pavlov
BF skinner
key principle for behaviourists
psychology has to be fundamentally scientific the only things that can be measured objectively the stimuli which is the input and the behaviour which were the outputs
the mind and any internal mental processes were fundamentally untestable and any study of the mind would lead to subjective bias.
What was Watsons study show?
Watson used a 9month old baby in an experiment to show the importance of the environment and learning in behaviour not instincs
Watson procedure
showed the baby a range of stimuli including, fire, monkeys, rabbits, mouse and there was no fear response
conditioning: a white rat was hsown to albert and at the same time a bar was struck behind his head making a loud noise
fear response: after displaying the rat with the loud noise the baby started crying at just the rat.
What is stimuli generalisation?
this is when the conditioned fear response happens is still the same with similar stimuli (fur . different pitches of bell and fur coat santas mask)
What is classical conditioning?
learning by association
what is temporal association?
This is when two stimuli are experienced close together in time and as a result an association is formed
according to pavlov learning happens?
learning happens when a neutral stimulus (bell) is consistently paired with a unconditioned stimuli (the food) so that eventually the conditioned stimulus produces a response (the bell)
pavlov conditoning equations
food = UCS
drool - UCR
bell = NS
no drool = NR
UCS+NS= UCR
now CS (bell) = CR -drool
what is operant conditioning
. This is a type of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences (learning by trial and error)
what is reinforcement?
when the consequence of a behaviour results in an increase likelihood that of the behaviour being repeated
what is positive reinforcement ?
when something added increases behaviour (getting food)
what is negative reinforcement?
when something is removed (shocks turned off) when we carry out a behaviour to avoid negative consequence taking away an undesireable stimuli
punishment
decreases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated
difference between punishment and reinforcement
Punishment is used to discourage a certain behavior. Reinforcement is meant to encourage a particular behavior.