Behaviourism

Question 1

What is the primary concern of behaviorism?

Answer 1

Observable behaviour

Question 2

True or False: Psychology is considered a science.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to behaviorism, what is the state of the mind at birth?

Answer 3

A blank slate

Question 4

What is the key similarity between learning in humans and animals according to behaviorism?

Answer 4

Little difference

Question 5

According to behaviorism, how is all behaviour learned?

Answer 5

From environment

Question 6

Define classical conditioning.

Answer 6

Learning by association involving conditioning of reflexes

Question 7

Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning using which animal?

Answer 7

Dogs

Question 8

What innate bodily reflex did Pavlov associate with a new stimulus?

Answer 8

Salivating

Question 9

What was the neutral stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment before conditioning?

Answer 9

Tone

Question 10

What happens after conditioning in Pavlov’s experiment?

Answer 10

Dog salivates at the sound of the tone

Question 11

Define operant conditioning.

Answer 11

Use of consequences to modify and shape behaviour

Question 12

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 12

A reward that increases probability of behaviour occurring in the future

Question 13

Give an example of positive reinforcement.

Answer 13

Praise, smile, sweets

Question 14

Define negative reinforcement.

Answer 14

Removal of negative stimulus to encourage specific actions

Question 15

What is punishment?

Answer 15

An action that decreases the probability of behaviour occurring in the future

Question 16

Give an example of punishment.

Answer 16

Receiving detention for poor grades

Question 17

What did Skinner create to study operant conditioning?

Answer 17

Skinner box

Question 18

What was the purpose of the lever in the Skinner box?

Answer 18

Dispense food when pressed

Question 19

What is one strength of behaviorism related to scientific credibility?

Answer 19

Theories are tested in controlled, repeatable environments

Question 20

What method do scientists use in behaviorism to establish cause and effect?

Answer 20

Experimental method

Question 21

What did Wong (2008) research about video games?

Answer 21

Addictiveness and stimulus/reward system

Question 22

What neurotransmitter is released as a reward in video games?

Answer 22

Dopamine

Question 23

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Answer 23

Negative reinforcement removes negative stimulus; punishment adds negative stimulus

Question 24

What is one criticism of behaviorism related to ecological validity?

Answer 24

Experiments lack ecological validity due to lab conditions

Question 25

What is a limitation of behaviorism regarding human complexity?

Answer 25

Ignores important mental processes involved in learning

Question 26

What does behaviorism ignore regarding human behavior?

Answer 26

Free will