Behaviourism

Question 1

7 principles of classical conditioning

Answer 1

• generalisation
• discrimination
• extinction
• spontaneous recovery
• higher order conditioning

Question 2

Generalisation

Answer 2

When stimuli similar to the initial conditioned stimulus causes the conditioned response
( I.e bell with different pitch)

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

• When stimuli similar to the initial conditioned stimuli does not cause the conditioned response
• this can be achieved by withholding the unconditioned stimuli ( I.e) food when the similar stimuli is used

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

When the conditioned stimuli doesn’t cause the conditioned response

This happens when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 5

When a previously extinct conditioned response is produced in response to the conditioned stimulus is presented again after a period of time during which its not been used

Question 6

3 behaviourist assumptions

Answer 6

• people learn from our environment
• only measurable behaviour should be studied
• animals can be used in research

Question 7

How do behaviourists believe we are born

Answer 7

• tabula rasa - blank slate
• so personalities are determined by our environment

Question 8

What and how to behaviourists study

Answer 8

• observable and measurable behaviour using lab experiments

Question 9

What don’t behaviourists believe in studying

Answer 9

• mental processes (I.e thoughts , perceptions etc)
  As they cannot be measured

Question 10

Why do behaviourists believe in using animals in research

Answer 10

• we share the same learning mechanisms

Question 11

Which behaviourists is associated with classical conditioning

Answer 11

Pavlov

Question 12

Which behaviourist is associated with operant conditioning

Answer 12

Skinner

Question 13

Classical conditioning

Answer 13

Learning by association to respond automatically to stimuli that do not normally cause a reflex response

Question 14

Outline pavlovas research ( inc - findings conditions etc)

Question 15

Neutral stimulus

Answer 15

Object that will not produce a response at all

Question 16

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 16

What the neutral stimulus becomes after conditioning - causes a response

Question 17

Conditioned. Response

Answer 17

Response give. To a stimulus that is learned

Question 18

Time continuity

Question 19

Extinction

Question 20

Watson and Rayners (1927) - little Albert

Question 21

Evaluate the behaviourist approach using the little Albert study

Question 22

Reinforcement

Question 23

Punishment

Question 24

Positive reinforcement

Answer 24

Given something pleasant to encourage behaviour

Question 25

Negative reinforcement

Answer 25

Removing something negative to encourage a behaviour

Question 26

Positive punishment

Question 27

Negative punishment

Question 28

Example of applications of skinners research

Answer 28

• ping pong pigeons
• token economy

Question 29

Describe skinners box

Answer 29

39

Question 30

Shaping

Answer 30

Behaviours are learned by reinforcing successively closer behaviours to desired performance

Question 31

Extinction in terms of operant conditioning