Behavioural Genetics and Personality

Question 1

Behavioural Genetics

Answer 1

Examines the influence of genes on personality and behavior, considering both genetic and environmental factors. Emphasizes two main components: genotype (internal genetic code) and phenotype (observable traits)

Question 2

Genotype vs. Phenotype

Answer 2

Genotype: Internal genetic blueprint that influences physical and behavioral traits.
Phenotype: The external expression, which includes appearance and potentially personality, shaped by genotype.

Question 3

Genetic Heritability

Answer 3

• Genetic heritability measures the extent to which traits are passed from parents to offspring.
  
  • Heritability (h²) is estimated as a percentage of shared traits across populations rather than individuals.
  • Traditional models assumed heritability split between genetics and environment, but modern views recognize complexity.

Question 4

Methods for Assessing Genetic Influence on Personality

Answer 4

• Family Studies: Examine traits shared among family members, though these can be influenced by environment.
  
  • Twin Studies: Compare identical (100% shared genes) and fraternal twins (50% shared genes) to assess genetic influence.
  • Adoption Studies: Compare adopted children with biological and adoptive parents to differentiate genetic from environmental influences.

Question 5

Robert Plomin’s Contributions

Answer 5

Pioneering work in behavioral genetics, particularly with the Twin Studies in the UK, analyzing developmental and behavioral genetics in children.