Behavioural Emergencies Flashcards
Biological disorders
Organic brain syndrome
Diabetes, seizures, severe infections, electrolyte imbalances, head injuries, strokes, alcohol, drugs
Psychosocial disorders
Cause is related to the patients personality style, unresolved conflicts or crisis management methods
Sociocultural disorders
Cause is related to the patients actions and interactions with society
Presentation of psychiatric patient
One or moe of the following
1. Aphasia
2. Apraxia- able to explain but not act out something
3. Agnosia- inability to recognize objects
4. Disturbance in executive functioning
5. Significantly impaired social or occupational functioning
What are 6 psychiatric disorders with organic causes
- Metabolic, disease, drugs, trauma
- Infection
- Tumor
- Endocrine
5.cardiovascular - Neurodegenerative neurological disease
What is delirium? What are 4 ways it a present?
Rapid onset of widespread disorganized thought
- Confusion
- Inattention, disorientation
- Memory impairment
- General clouding of consciousness
What are 3 things that can cause delirium?
Intoxication
Medical conditions
Withdrawals
What is multiple sclerosis
An autoimmune disease of the central nervous system where the myelin is attacked by causing inflammation leading to damage and degeneration
9 Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis
- Balance and dizziness problems
- Bladder dysfunction
- Bowel dysfunction
- Memory problems
- Fatigue
- Have a gait
- Muscle weakness
- Spasticity
- Tremors
What is the most common form of multiple sclerosis
Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
What is secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
When the symptoms worsen steadily over time without relapse or remitting
What is primary progressive multiple sclerosis
When symptoms worsen since the beginning with no relapse or remitting
What is progressive. Relapsing multiple sclerosis
Least common
when symptoms worsen from the beginning with acute relapse and no remitting
What is cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder affecting the pancreas, lungs, kidney, liver and intestines
Cells that produce mucous, sweat and digestive juices
Instead of being think and lubricating they become thick and sticky leading to plugs in the pathways
7 Signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis
- Salty tasting skin
- Poor weight gain and strength
- Accumulation of thick and sticky mucus
- Bilious emesis
- Clubbed fingernails
- Oily foul smelling stool
- Accompanying diabetes
What is cerebral palsy?
A Permanent non progressive disorder that results from developmental defects in the brain where the brain had been deprived of oxygen
6 Signs and symptoms of cerebral Palsy?
- Cognitive impairment
- Bladder control issues
- Cannot adequately clear secretions
- Increased muscle tone, stiff muscle
- Involuntary movement
- Problems with balance and coordination
What is muscular dystrophy?
A group of muscle diseases that cause weakness and loss of muscle mass typically affecting boys
Abnormal genetic mutations interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscles to keep their shape and function.
What does myotonic mean?
Inability to relax muscles at will following interactions
What muscles are the first targets in menenieres disease? (Myotonic)
Face and neck muscles are the first to be affected
3 types of muscular dystrophy
- Myotonic
- Duchenne
- Becker
What is duchenne?
When muscles decrease in size over time
Only affects males and its the most common form in children
What is Becker?
A milder form of duchenne muscular dystrophy
What is poliomyelitis
A highly contagious viral infection caused by the poliovirus
Transmitted through diet contact with someone who has the virus through contaminated food or water
7 Signs and symptoms of non paralytic polio
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Pain or stiffness in back, neck, arms or legs
- Muscle weakness or tenderness
3 Signs and symptoms of paralytic polio
- Loss of reflexes
- Severe. Muscle aches or weakness
- Loose or floppy limbs (flaccid paralysis)
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
A chronic autoimmune disease that leads to Muscle weakness most commonly affecting the function of the eyes, face and throat
8 signs and symptoms of Myasthenia gravis
- Double vision
- Drooping eyelids
- Diffciculty swallowing
- Difficulty speaking
- Difficulty walking
- Exhaustion worsens upon activity
- Weakness typically starts in he head and descends
- Can lead to Respiratory weakness and failure
What is osteoarthiritis
Break down of protective cartilage inside the joint, eventually resulting in bone on bone friction
6 signs and symptoms of osteoarthiritis
- Joint pain
- Tenderness
- Stiffness
- loss of flexibility
- Grating sensation
- Bone spurs
What is rheumatoid arthiritis
An autoimmune deficiency
immune system Attacks joints and organs due to the constant inflammation that breaks down the joints causing permanent damage
5 Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthiritis
- Swelling of the joints
- Fatigue
- Morning stiffness
- Mild fever
- Joint pain
What is gout?
too much uric acid that builds up in the blood and crystallizes in the joints resulting in excruciating painful joint inflammation
Commonly found in the joint of the big toe
3 signs and symptoms of gout
- Sudden extreme joint pain
- Inflammation and redness
- Decreased range of motion
What is Marfan syndrome?
genetic disorder affecting Connective tissue by changing the proteins that form healthy connective tissue
What are 3 things Marfans syndrome can cause to the heart?
- Aortic enlargement an tear/ rupture
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Aortic regurgitation
What is raynauds syndrome?
A spasm of the arteries causing reduced blood flow typically found in the fingers
4 Signs and symptoms of raynuads
- Skin turns white, then blue, then red before turning back to normal
- Pain to affected area
- Numbness/ coldness to area
- Paresthesia
