Behaviour Modification A

Question 1

Flooding

Answer 1

A method of desensitization involving frequent, repetitive exposure to a stimuli at full intensity

Question 2

An unfavorable outcome of flooding

Answer 2

Learned helplessness, when an animal does not react to a stimuli due to being overwhelmed and paralyzed with fear rather than being habituated to it

Question 3

Desensitization

Answer 3

A method of using structured, repeated exposure to a stimulus in order to eliminate a stress or fear response in an animal and encourage a lack of emotional activation by creating a neutral association

Question 4

Habituation

Answer 4

The process of slowly eliminating a response to a stimulus by repeated, consistent exposure to it

Question 5

Behaviour modification

Answer 5

The use of various strategies to encourage a certain behaviour or to unlearn a problem behaviour

Question 6

Abnormal/abhorrent behaviour

Answer 6

Maladaptive behaviour exhibited by an animal that does not serve any purpose to it (even in the wild)

Question 7

Ethological approach

Answer 7

Observing an animal in the environment they live in to assess behavioural concerns.

Understanding that behaviours are probably normal to the animal, and may serve a welfare purpose, but are considered undesirable to the caregivers

Question 8

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

A stimulus that causes a natural, involuntary response. No correlation with anything (the smell of food)

Question 9

Unconditioned response

Answer 9

An innate, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus (drooling at the smell of food)

Question 10

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 10

A previously neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus. Produces a conditioned response (bell at feeding time)

Question 11

Conditioned response

Answer 11

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (drooling at the sound of a bell)

Question 12

Associative learning

Answer 12

classical conditioning

Question 13

How does an unconditioned stimulus eventually produce a conditioned response?

Answer 13

Repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus (food) leads the conditioned stimulus (bell) to assume some of the response -eliciting power of the US. Eventually the animal associates the CS with the US. The animal has a conditioned response to the CS when it occurs in the absence of the US.

Question 14

Respondent conditioning

Answer 14

classical conditioning/ associative learning

Question 15

Does Pavlov say that all behaviour can be described as a collection of conditioned reflexes?

Answer 15

No.

Question 16

Describe the temporal paradigm of classical conditioning

Answer 16

TRACE pairings where the CS comes a few seconds before the US develops the CR fastest

Learning occurs slower with DELAYED pairings

SIMULTANEOUS pairing can overwhelm and distract the animal, this prevents learning

BACKWARDS pairings renders the CS inhibitory (prevents the association from forming)

Question 17

Pseudoconditioning

Answer 17

sensitization

non-associative learning, when a conditioned stimulus produces a response but is not paired with a US, so is not a CR

eg. puff of air causes blink, but so does a bright flash of light

Question 18

aversive

Answer 18

bad feeling, repellant, remembered much more readily than pleasant experiences

Question 19

aversive reaction

Answer 19

unpleasant response to a stimulus

e.g. fear

Question 20

acquisition

Answer 20

learning, forming an association

repeated pairings of the conditioned stimulus (bell) with the unconditioned stimulus (food)

conditioned response becomes more reliable and stronger

Question 21

extinction

Answer 21

unlearning, removing an association

repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus (bell) without the unconditioned stimulus (food)

the conditioned response becomes weaker and occurs less often

Question 22

Conditioned suppression

Answer 22

conditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus

produces a responce like flinching or freezing

can be mistaken as a lack of response (not the same as flooding)

Question 23

excitatory

Answer 23

a CS that reliably predicts (always get food after clicker) an US and is effective in producing a CR

Question 24

inhibitory

Answer 24

A CS that predicts NO US (never get food after the clicker) and is ineffective at producing a CR

May produce an opposite response to the CR

Question 25

What do the terms acquisition and extinction refer to?

Answer 25

the conditioned response

Question 26

appetitive

Answer 26

pleasant, attractive, not remembered as easily as aversive stimuli

Question 27

appetitive response

Answer 27

positive reaction to a stimulus

e.g. drooling at the smell of food

Question 28

what do the terms appetitive and aversive refer to?

Answer 28

the pleasantness of a reaction