Behaviour Modification Flashcards
What is behaviour modification?
According to the behaviourist approach all behaviour is learned then behaviour can be unlearned as well. This could be achieved through the same principles that were used to learn the behaviour in the first place .
Behaviour modification is a behavioural therapy based on operant conditioning. It involves the systematic use of positive and negative reinforcement for desired behaviour.
What is token economy in behaviour modification?
Token economy is a form of behaviour modification used in prisons, you get tokens for desirable behaviour. You can then exchange them for some sort of reward. Desirable behaviour is likely to include following prison rules, keeping your cell orderly, avoiding violence etc.
It is also emphasised that disobedience will result in the tokens being withheld (negative punishment)
The desirable behaviour is identified and then broken down in smaller steps called increments. All those who come into contact with the offender must follow the same regime of selective reinforcement in which a particular prisoners is rewarded for particular actions.
It is all overseen by a prison official who is able to monitor its effectiveness as a system or on the behaviour of individuals
Strengths of behaviour modification
-) Token economy is easy to administer, it doesn’t require professionals or specific equipment. This also makes it cost effective and easy to follow once the method of reinforcement has been established.
Weaknesses of behaviour modification
-) Behaviour modification can ONLY be used
IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS. Any positive behavioural change that occurs in prison can be lost when the prisoners are released quite quickly. This is because law abiding behaviour is not always reinforced outside of prison. It could also be that offenders are merely playing along for the rewards.
- ) Token economy can be seen as UNETHICAL as participation is mandatory although they can decide wether or not to obey the rules. The withdrawal of privileges such as exercise and contact with loved ones can be harmful both physically and psychologically.
- ) behaviour modification only deals withSURFACE BEHAVIOUR . Other treatments go deeper and require offenders to reflect on the cause of their offending and take responsibility for their actions and rehabilitation.
