behaviour,cognitive and emotion characteristics of phobias,depresstion and ocd

Question 1

cognitive

Answer 1

refers to the process of thinking-knowing,perceiving,believing.

Question 2

emotional

Answer 2

related to a person’s feelings or mood

Question 3

behavioural

Answer 3

ways in which people act

Question 4

DSM-5

Answer 4

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Question 5

ocd (obsessive~compulsive disorder)

Answer 5

a condition characterised by obsessions (recurring thoughts,images)and compulsions(repetitive behaviour such as hand washing)
-most people with ocd have both obsessions and compulsions

Question 6

examples of ocd

Answer 6

trichotillomania:compulsive hair pulling
hoarding disorder:the complusive gathering of possessions and inability to part with anything
excoriation:compulsive skin picking

Question 7

cognitive characteristics of OCD

Answer 7

-obsessive thoughts~thoughts that recur over and over again.These vary from person to person but are always unpleasant.e.g: worries of being contaminated by dirt or the door is unlocked

-cognitive coping strategies~ strategies to deal with obsessions.e.g praying or meditating helps manage anxiety but can distract them from everyday tasks

-insight into excessive anxiety~people with OCD are aware that their obsessions and compulsions are not rational.
-thoughts of the worst case scenario that could happen if their anxieties came true
-also very hyper vigilant( alertness to potential hazards)

Question 8

behavioural characteristics of OCD

Answer 8

-compulsions are repetitive~compelled to repeat a behaviour e.g:handwashing,counting,praying, tidying,

-compulsions reduce anxiety-majority of compulsive behaviours are performed in an attempt to manage the anxiety produced by obsessions

-avoidance~suffers of OCD tend to manage their OCD by avoiding situations that trigger anxiety.e.g:avoid coming into constant with germs.this avoidance can interfere with normal life

Question 9

emotional characteristics of OCD

Answer 9

-anxiety and distress ~the anxiety that goes with obsessions and compulsions can be overwhelming as the urge to repeat a behaviour causes anxiety

-accompanying depression~OCD is accompanied by depression.
low moods and a lack of enjoyment in activities
compulsive behaviour tends to relief the anxiety but it is only temporary

-guilt and disgust~OCD involves other negative emotions such as irrational guilt and disgust over minor issues

Question 10

depression

Answer 10

a mental disorder characterised by low mood and low energy levels

Question 11

types of categories of depression

Answer 11

major depressive disorder ~ severe but often short-term depression.

persistent depressive disorder ~ long term or recurring depression

Question 12

types of depressive disorders

Answer 12

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder~childhood temper tantrums

premenstrual dysphoric disorder~disruption to mood prior to and during menstruation

Question 13

behavioural characteristics of depression

Answer 13

-activity levels~
-reduced levels of energy,making them lethargic.
-=can lead you to withdrawing from work,education,social life,cannot get out of bed.
-can also lead to opposite effect (psychomotor agitation) - struggle to relax = pacing up and down a room

-disruption to sleep and eating behaviour
-reduced sleep(insomnia)
-particularly premature waking
- or an increase in need for sleep ( hypersomnia )
-appetite many increase or decrease= weight loss or gain

~aggression and self harm
-often irritable =become verbally or physically aggressive
-can affect relationships
-can also lead to physical aggression to the self e.g suicide attempt,cutting

Question 14

emotional characteristics of depression

Answer 14

~lowered mood
- feelings of empty and worthless

~anger
-directed towards others or self
-=can lead to self harming

~lowered self-esteem
-self -loathing (hating themselves)

Question 15

cognitive characteristics of depression

Answer 15

~poor concentration
-unable to stick with a task as they usually would
-find it hard to make decisions they would normally find straight forward

~attending to and dwelling on the negative
-paying more attention to the negative aspects of a situation + ignoring the positives
-recall negative events rather than happy events

~absolutist thinking
-black and white thinking=in an unfortunate situation they tent to see it as an absolute disaster.

Question 16

phobias

Answer 16

an irrational fear of an object or situation

Question 17

behavioural characteristics of phobias

Answer 17

~panic
-crying,screaming or running away in the presence of the phobic stimulus
-children may freeze,cling,or have a tantrum

~avoidance
-avoid coming in contact with the phobic stimulus
=can make it hard to go about daily life

~endurance
-remaining in the presence of the phobic stimulus, but continues to experience high levels of anxiety

Question 18

emotional characteristics of phobias

Answer 18

~anxiety
-high arousal,prevents a person from relaxing or any positive emotion
-long term

~fear
-the immediate, unpleasant response when we encounter or think about a phobic stimulus
-shorter periods of time

~emotional response is unreasonable
-the anxiety or fear is much more greater than what is considered a normal reaction to any threat posed

Question 19

cognitive characteristics of phobias

Answer 19

~selective attention to the phobic stimulus -attention on the phobic stimulus

~ irrational beliefs
-holding unreasonable beliefs e.gif I blush people will think I’m weak

~cognitive distortions
-perception of the phobic may be distorted