Behaviour Approach To Explaining Phobias

Question 1

What does the 2-process model propose about Phobias

Answer 1

1)Phobias are learned through classical conditioning

2)And Maintained because of Operant conditioning

Question 2

What does the behaviour approach argue

Answer 2

Phobias are a learned response

Question 3

Who proposed the two-process model

Answer 3

MOW RER MOWRER

Question 4

Unconditioned meaning?

Answer 4

Naturally occurring

Question 5

conditioned meaning?

Answer 5

Something learnt

Question 6

Conditioning meaning

Answer 6

Learning to associate a Neutral stimulus(initially have no fear off)
With an Unconditioned stimulus (natural stimulus that triggers fear)

Question 7

How is a fear learnt through classical conditioning

Answer 7

During conditioning: the **NS is paired/associated with the UCS
and now both Produce UCR(natural/feared response)

After conditioning:The **NS is now a CS that produces a CR*

Question 8

How did Watson and Rayner (1920) create a phobia of rats in a baby

Answer 8

UCS-Loud/frightening noise
UCR:Fear
NS:Rat

Question 9

How did the rat also result in the baby fearing rabbits/fur coats/Santa beard

Answer 9

The conditioning was generalised to similar objects(anything similar to the rat/rats fur)

Question 10

Why are phobias long lasting
if responses(CR) acquired by classical conditioning tend to decline over time

Answer 10

Operant conditioning- maintains the response/fear
Though reinforcement (reward) or punishment

Question 11

Give the 4 steps of how negative reinforcement(avoiding something bad, for a positive outcome)
Maintains the phobia

Answer 11

Avoidance

1)Avoiding a Phobic stimulus,
2)relief of escaping the fear they would of felt (Negative reinforcement)
3)This escape reinforces the avoidance behaviour

Therefore:The phobia is maintained/not dealt with

Question 12

What is operant conditioning

Answer 12

Learning through consequences(rewarding/punishing)

1)postive or negative reinforcement
2)Punishment

Question 13

What does operant conditioning do(in relation to 2 process model)

Answer 13

Maintained phobias

Question 14

The 4 ways negative reinforcement maintains a phobia

Answer 14

1)Avoding phobic stimulus/phobia

Question 15

A strength of behaviour approach to explaining phobias

Answer 15

Real word application in Exposure therapies(ways to fix phobias)

As:the 2-process model explains why
**people with phobias, Benefit from being exposed to the phobic stimulus*

Strength as: shows value of 2 process model-identifies ways to treat phobias

Question 16

How do people with phobias, Benefit from being exposed to the phobic stimulus(treating phobias

Answer 16

When the avoidance behaviour is prevented
It stops reinforcement(positive outcome)
as: they experience anxiety
So:avoidance declines
When avoidance is prevent the phobia is cured

Question 17

Weakness of the behavioural appproach explaining phobias

Answer 17

Incomplete Explanation of Phobias

For example: Bounton said that evolutionary factors have an important role in phobias

Weakness as: 2-process theory doesn’t mention Evolutionary factors

Question 18

Exmaple of An evolutionary factor that has important role in phobias

Answer 18

Preparedness(everyone acquires certain fears/everyone has a phobia)

For example:Most people have a phobias of things that are dangerous E.G.Sharks