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Behaviour Analysis > Behaviour Analysis (BCBA exam prep) > Flashcards

Behaviour Analysis (BCBA exam prep) Flashcards

1
Q

An experiment is designed to discover the differential effects of a range of values of an independent variable

A

Parametric Analysis

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2
Q

Frequency, Latency, Duration or amplitude of a response is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus

A

Stimulus Control

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3
Q

The occurrence of a previously punished class of response

A

Recovery From Punishment

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4
Q

Arrange a reinforcer for a response that is preceded by some minimum time without responding (spaced responding)

A

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behaviour (DRL)

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5
Q

Verbal Behaviour under the control of a non-verbal discriminative stimulus which produces generalised conditioned reinforcement

A

Tact

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6
Q

Prompts that involve the behaviour of another person to evoke a particular response

A

Response Prompt

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7
Q

A stimulus in the presence of which some responses have been reinforced and in the absence of which those responses have not been reinforced

A

Discriminative Stimulus

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8
Q

An operant class that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions then under others

A

Discriminated Operant

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9
Q

Increase in the rate of responding in one setting as a result of a decrease in reinforcement (or an increase in punishment) in another setting

A

Positive Contrast

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10
Q

Contingency in which reinforcement is not available for a specialised period of time after switching to another alternative (in a concurrent schedule arrangement)

A

Change Over Delay (COD)

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11
Q

Change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that comment is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule

A

Behavioural Contrast

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12
Q

X schedule of reinforcement, in which X refers to the number of previous responses from which the current response must differ in order for reinforcement to occur

A

Lag Schedule

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13
Q

Measure of the relative change in the rate of responding per unit of time

A

Celeration

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14
Q

Three ways in which a listener is able to reinforce responses to private events

A

Public Accompaniment, Collateral Responses and Common properties

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15
Q

Verbal Behaviour controlled by a verbal discriminative stimulus which DOES NOT HAVE point to point correspondence with the response

A

Intraverbal

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16
Q

Verbal Behaviour which is controlled by verbal discriminative stimuli and have point to point correspondence and formal similarity with the response

A

Echoic

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17
Q

A neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus (US)

A

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

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18
Q

Very weak intensities of a stimulus will not elicit a response but as intensity increases there is a point at which the response is elicited

A

The Law of Threshold

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19
Q

The extent to which the target behaviours are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviours are produced

A

Social Validity

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20
Q

The effects of a participants behaviour in a given condition that are the result of the subjects experience with a prior condition

A

Sequence Effects

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21
Q

A schedule that requires a number of responses before reinforcement is produced

A

Ratio Schedule

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22
Q

Decrease in the rate of responding in one setting as a result of an increase in reinforcement in another setting

A

Negative Contrast

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23
Q

Time-sampling procedure where you record whether the behaviour is occurring only at the end of the interval

A

Momentary Time Sampling

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24
Q

Recording tangible items or environmental effects that result from a behaviour (outcome recording)

A

Permanent Recording

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25
Q

The extent to which the observed and measured data matches the true value of that event in nature

A

Accuracy

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26
Q

As the intensity of the Unconditioned stimulus increases so does the magnitude of the elicited Unconditioned response

A

The Law of Intensity

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27
Q

Presents two or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an altering, usually random sequence; schedules operate successively and independently; correlated with SDs

A

Multiple Schedule of Reinforcement (Mult)

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28
Q

Facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified and examine for possible relations with other known facts

A

Description

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29
Q

Operational definition of a response that includes responses that includes responses at meeting the definition based on their common effect on the environment

A

Function-Based Definition

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30
Q

Verbal Behaviour that occurs as a result of the state of deprivation for the speaker and reinforcer is specified in the response

A

Mand

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31
Q

When a specified change in the dependent variable can reliably be produced by specific manipulation of the independent variable and is unlikely to be due to other, extraneous factors

A

Functional Relation

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32
Q

Following training with if A then B. and if B then C the derived relations of B - A and C - B exemplify

A

Symmetry

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33
Q

Following training with if A then B, and if B then C, the derived relation of C - A exemplifies

A

Combined Transitivity and Symmetry (sometimes termed an equivalence test)

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34
Q

A stimulus in the presence of which a response has a lower probability of occurrence than in its absence

A

Discriminative Stimulus for Punishment

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35
Q

Arranges a reinforcer for a response that occurs within some period of time since the last response (space-responding)

A

Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behaviour (DRH)

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36
Q

Refers to only observable characteristics of behaviour and translates unobservable events into observable ones

A

Objective (in terms of operational Definition)

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37
Q

Predictable change in dependent variable can be reliably produced by manipulation of the independent variable and is unlikely as a result of uncontrolled or confounding variable

A

Experimental Control

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38
Q

Behaviour under the control of contingency specifying stimuli

A

Rule-Governed Behaviour

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39
Q

The reinforcement of responses lower than a predetermined criterion (number of responses) that is gradually decreased over successive sessions

A

Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates of Behaviour (DRD)

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40
Q

Verbal Behaviour controlled by a verbal discriminative stimulus which has point to point correspondence, but NOT formal similarity

A

Textual Behaviour

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41
Q

When a UR is repeatedly elicited, responding occurs with smaller magnitude and longer latency. It may eventually fail to occur

A

Habituation

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42
Q

A negative punishment procedure involving the loss of access to positive reinforcement for a period of time

A

Time-out From Positive Reinforcement

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43
Q

Reinforcement provided whenever the requirement of either the ratio or interval is met regardless of which is met first

A

Alternative Schedule (ALT)

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44
Q

The tendency for an operant to occur in one situation, such as the presence of a red light, but not in other situations, such as the presence of a blue or green light

A

Stimulus Discrimination

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45
Q

Effects of observation and measurement systems on the behaviour being observed

A

Reactivity

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46
Q

Allows Functional relations to be derived by demonstrating a specific change in one variable is reliably produced by manipulation of another variable and the change is unlikely to be a result of confounding variables (extraneous factors)

A

Control

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47
Q

Captures only a sample of a behaviour during an observation

A

Discontinuous Measurement

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48
Q

Form of discontinuous measurement because not all instances of the responses are measured/detected. Observation is divided into equal sized intervals and you record if behaviour occurred during each interval according to the specific rules for each time-sampling procedure

A

Time-sampling

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49
Q

Continuous questioning of truthfulness and validity of scientific theory and knowledge

A

Philosophical Doubt

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50
Q

Following training with if A then B, and if B then C he derived relations of A - A, B - B and C - C exemplify

A

Reflexivity

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51
Q

Rule-governed behaviour occurs not as a result of the contingency specified in the rule but as a result of a….

A

History of Rule Following

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52
Q

Behaviour which occurs due to reinforcement mediated by a listener

A

Verbal Behaviour

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53
Q

SD’s that have been altered in some way to make them more likely to prompt a correct response

A

Within-stimulus prompts

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54
Q

As the intensity if the US increases, the latency of the appearance of the elicited UR decreases

A

The Law of Latency

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55
Q

Responses that share a common form

A

Topographical Response Class

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56
Q

An assumption of science that states that conclusions are tentative and should be continually questioned

A

Philosophical Doubt

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57
Q

A reinforcer that is effective due to its relation to some reinforcer

A

Conditioned (secondary) Reinforcer

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58
Q

Detectable interaction of a person and an aspect of the environment

A

Behaviour

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59
Q

Stimuli which share common functions

A

Functional Stimulus Class

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60
Q

Explanations that place the course of behaviour in unobservable mental processes

A

Mentalism

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61
Q

Group of stimuli share common (functional or formal) elements

A

Stimulus Class

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62
Q

If a study is applied it must…..

A

have social significance and importance to the participants

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63
Q

An assumption of science that states the simple explanations should be ruled out before more complex ones considered

A

Parsimony

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64
Q

A consequence that increases probability of future response is called a ….

A

Reinforcer

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65
Q

Behaviours that produce reinforcement independent of the mediation of others

A

Automatic Reinforcement

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66
Q

Collection of responses with common source of influence from environment

A

Response Class

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67
Q

If a study is Analytic, then it must …..

A

Demonstrate a functional relationship between events and behaviour

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68
Q

If a study is behavioural it must …..

A

Involve a behaviour which is in need of intervention and is measurable (not a hypothetical entity)

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69
Q

Dependent relationship between response class and one or more stimulus classes

A

Contingency

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70
Q

If a study is conceptually systematic it must …..

A

involve procedures that are described in terms of basic principles of behaviour

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71
Q

If a study is effective it must ……

A

Improve the behaviour to a practical degree

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72
Q

If a study is technological it must …..

A

Describe procedures in sufficient detail to permit replication

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73
Q

If a study is general it must …..

A

Show effects that last over time, across environments or across behaviours

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74
Q

Measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance

A

Trials to Criterion

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75
Q

A direct measure of social validity where participants are provided with a choice between two or more initial link responses (e.g., touching a coloured card or pressing a button) After completing an initial link response, participants are exposed to the intervention associated with that initial link in the terminal link

A

Concurrent chains procedure

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76
Q

A stimulus change that has been paired with numerous unconditioned and conditioned punishers

A

Generalised Conditioned Punisher

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77
Q

Stimulus that elicits a behaviour without any history

A

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

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78
Q

Procedures for detecting and recording the number of times a behaviour is observed (e.g., count, rate)

A

Event Recording

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79
Q

Punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation of others

A

Automatic Punishment

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80
Q

Four methods of pairing US and CS

A

Simultaneous, Trace, Backwards and Delayed

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81
Q

Arrangement of conditions to evaluate experimental control

A

Experimental Design

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82
Q

Definition describes what is included and excluded so there is little room for interpretation

A

Complete (in terms of operational definition

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83
Q

Defining features of Relational Frames

A

Mutual Entailment, Combinational Entailment and Transformation of Function

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84
Q

Behaviour that has been shaped by direct acting contingencies

A

Contingency-shaped Behaviour

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85
Q

Have the same effects that motivating operations have, but are due to a conditioning history

A

Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMO)

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86
Q

Following training with if A then B, and if B then C the derived relation of A - C exemplifies

A

Transitivity

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87
Q

Aims to capture every possible behavioural occurrence

A

Continuous Measurement

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88
Q

The demonstration of Reflexivity, Symmetry, Transitivity, and Combined symmetry and transitivity

A

An Equivalence Class

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89
Q

Increase in reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus (value altering effect of MO)

A

Establishing Operation (EO)

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90
Q

Two or more contingencies of reinforcement operating independently and simultaneously for two or more behaviours

A

Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement (Conc)

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91
Q

Same as multi schedule BUT schedules in operation are NOT correlated with Discriminated Stimulus (SD)

A

Mixed Schedule (Mix)

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92
Q

Stimulus generalisation within a class of stimuli and stimulus discrimination between classes of stimuli

A

Concept Formation

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93
Q

Pairing an existing CS with an NS to create CS(2)

A

Higher-order Conditioning (respondent)

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94
Q

A schedule effect produced by both fixed interval and fixed ratio schedule

A

Post-reinforcement Pause

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95
Q

Arrangements that specify which responses within an operant class will be reinforced

A

Schedules of Reinforcement

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96
Q

A schedule that require a passing of a period of time before the next response produces reinforcement

A

Interval Schedule

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97
Q

The extent to which the data obtained from measurement are directly relevant to the target behaviour of interest and the reasons for obtaining it

A

Validity

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98
Q

Response lacking clear beginning and end and extend across time

A

Continuous Response

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99
Q

When data consistently over- or under-estimate behaviour; may occur if participants are aware of experimental conditions

A

Bias

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100
Q

Definable and measurable variable characteristic, dimension, property of value

A

Parameter

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101
Q

Something that appears to exist because of the way it is measured

A

Measurement Artifact

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102
Q

The amount of time a behaviour occurs

A

Duration

103
Q

Time-sampling procedure where you record if behaviour occurred throughout entire interval

A

Whole-interval time sampling

104
Q

The overall directions taken by a data path can be increasing, decreasing, steady or not

A

Trend

105
Q

where would we anticipate the next data point would be

A

Prediction

106
Q

Have a discriminable beginning and end

A

Discrete Response

107
Q

Amount of time that elapses between two consecutive instances of a response

A

Interresponse Time

108
Q

Measure of time between onset of stimulus and initiation of response

A

Latency

109
Q

The variable that is systematically manipulated by the researcher in an experiment to see if changes result in systematic and reliable changes in the dependent variable

A

Independent Variable

110
Q

Non-experimental design where a baseline phase precedes an intervention (or the independent variable) phase

A

AB Design

111
Q

Variation of the reversal design that begins with the treatment phase (B), a withdrawal of the treatment variable (A) and subsequent reintroduction of the treatment variable

A

BAB Design

112
Q

Removal of a stimulus, following a behaviour resulting in decrease in future frequency of behaviour

A

Negative Punishment

113
Q

The response ratio or time requirement does not change from one reinforced response to another

A

Fixed Schedule

114
Q

The degree to which a study’s findings have generality to subjects, settings or behaviours

A

External Validity

115
Q

Following pairings of US and CS the maximum magnitude of the CR is called the ….

A

Asymptote

116
Q

A class of Stimuli that share common physical forms

A

Feature Stimulus Class

117
Q

An experiment in which the researcher attempts to duplicate exactly the conditions of an earlier experiment

A

Direct Replication

118
Q

Procedures to measure duration, response latency and interresponse time

A

Timing

119
Q

The consistency of measurements. Specifically, the extent to which repeated measurements yields the same values

A

Reliability

120
Q

Unintended change in the way an observer uses a measurement system over the course of an investigation

A

Observer Drift

121
Q

When a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of similar responses

A

Punishment

122
Q

1) Value altering effects (reinforcing effectiveness)

2) Behaviour altering effects

A

Motivating Operations

123
Q

A class of stimuli that do not share common physical forms, but are determined via social convention

A

Arbitrary Stimulus Class

124
Q

Presentation of a Stimulus following a behaviour resulting in decrease in future frequency of behaviour

A

Positive Reinforcement

125
Q

An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented

A

Extinction Burst

126
Q

A response elicited by conditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned Response (CR)

127
Q

Strongest single-subject design that requires at least 3 consecutive phases. Initial baseline (A), Intervention (B), and return to baseline (A)

A

Reversal Design

128
Q

Number of responses emitted during an observational period

A

Count

129
Q

Reinforcement provided whenever the requirement of both a ratio schedule and an interval schedule is met

A

Conjunctive Schedule (Conj)

130
Q

Repeating independent variable manipulations and obtaining similar outcomes

A

Replication

131
Q

Count (number) of responses per standard unit of time

A

Rate/Frequency

132
Q

Operational definition of a response that includes responses on meeting the definition based on their form or shape

A

Topography-based Definition

133
Q

Any event that occurs within or outside of the experiment that may account for the results

A

History (in terms of a suject confound)

134
Q

Increasing response ratio or duration of time interval of a schedule of reinforcement

A

Schedule Thinning

135
Q

Prompts that involve changing an antecedent stimulus to evoke a particular behaviour

A

Stimulus Prompts

136
Q

Demonstrating that the prior level of responding would have remained unchanged

A

Verification

137
Q

Relative probability that when one event occurs, another event will or will not occur based on repeated observations revealing relationships between events

A

Prediction

138
Q

Fluctuating or changing levels of responding

A

Variability

139
Q

The response ratio or the time requirement can change from one reinforced response to another

A

Variable Schedule

140
Q

A consequence that decreases the rate of behaviour because of having been paired with another punisher

A

Conditioned Punisher

141
Q

Increase in current frequency of behaviour (behaviour altering effect of MO)

A

Evocative Effects

142
Q

A schedule of reinforcement which provides reinforcement for every occurrence of a behaviour

A

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule (CRF)

143
Q

An experimental design in which an initial baseline phase is followed by a series of treatment phases consisting of successive and gradually changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment. Experimental control is evidenced by the extent the level responding changes conform to each new criterion

A

Changing Criterion Design

144
Q

A method for conducting a component analysis where components are initially evaluated in isolation and then combined into a treatment package

A

Add-inn Method

145
Q

An experimental design that begins with the concurrent measurement of two or more behaviours in a baseline condition, followed by the application of the treatment variable to one of the behaviours while baseline conditions remain in effect for the other behaviours. Can have multiple baseline design across behaviours, settings or participants.

A

Multiple Baseline Design

146
Q

A variation of the multiple baseline design that features intermittent probes during baseline

A

Multiple Probe Design

147
Q

An experimental design where two or more conditions are presented in a rapidly alternating succession

A

Multi-element Design (or Alternating Treatments Design)

148
Q

A treatment integrity error where additional procedures are implemented that are not outlined in the protocol

A

Commission Error

149
Q

Some on multi schedule BUT the schedules occr in a specific order and conditioned reinforcement for first behaviour is the presentation of the second element and so on

A

Chained Schedules of Reinforcement (Chain)

150
Q

Similar to the chained schedule except the schedule does not use discriminative stimuli

A

Tandem Schedule

151
Q

Abrupt increases in ratio requirements who moving from dense to thinner reinforcement schedules

A

Ratio Strain

152
Q

Any experimental design used to identify the active components of a treatment package relative contributions of different components f a treatment package and the necessary and sufficient components of an intervention package

A

Component Analysis

153
Q

A treatment integrity error where components of the protocol are not implemented as dictated by the protocol

A

Omission Error

154
Q

Distribution of behaviour between or among alternative sources of reinforcement is equal to the distribution of reinforcement for the alternatives

A

Matching Law

155
Q

Decrease in current frequency of behaviour (behaviour altering effect of MO)

A

Abative Effect

156
Q

Time-sampling procedure where you record if behaviour occurred at any time during an interval

A

Partial-Interval Time-sampling

157
Q

Level of behaviour from earlier phase cannot be reproduced again under the same conditions

A

Irreversibility

158
Q

Kind of learning in which one stimulus is paired with a second stimulus and, as a result, the first comes to elicit the same or similar response that the second elicits

A

Respondent (Classical) Conditioning

159
Q

A method for conducting a component analysis where the entire intervention package is evaluated at the beginning and then components are successively removed from the treatment package

A

Drop Out Method

160
Q

Responses that occur in the presence of the SD are reinforced, responses that occur in the presence of the S Delta are not

A

Discrimination Training

161
Q

The effect on responding when stimuli share similar physical characteristics with the controlling stimulus evoke the same behaviour as the controlling stimulus

A

Stimulus Generalisation

162
Q

The value on the vertical axis where the data fall (i.e., how much responding is occurring)

A

Level

163
Q

The act of assigning numbers and units to objects or events so that we can make a meaningful decision about behaviour

A

Measurement

164
Q

A consequence that decreases the probability of the future response is called …..

A

Punisher

165
Q

Reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI interval

A

Limited Hold

166
Q

No change in level, trend or variability

A

Steady State

167
Q

The variable in an experiment measured to determine if it changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. The level of the dependent variable depends on the independent variable

A

Dependent Variables

168
Q

An experiment in which the researcher purposely varies one or more aspects of an earlier experiment

A

Systematic Replication

169
Q

Improvements in performance because of repeated opportunities to perform behaviour

A

Practice Effects

170
Q

A variation of the multiple baseline design in which an initial baseline are begun for one behaviour (or setting or subject) and subsequent baselines for additional behaviours are begun in a delayed fashion

A

Delayed Multiple Baseline Design

171
Q

The degree to which two (or more) individuals independently score the same behaviour using the same measurement system

A

Interobserver Agreement (IOA)

172
Q

Definition is readable, unambiguous, and refers only to the target behaviour and does not include other behaviour

A

Clear (in terms of operational definition)

173
Q

Stimulus that does not elicit a response prior to conditioning

A

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

174
Q

Decrease in reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus (value altering effect of MO)

A

Abolishing Operation

175
Q

Decrease in the strength of a CR as a result of presenting the CS alone

A

Respondent Extinction

176
Q

Verbal Behaviour which consists of writing and spelling words that are spoken

A

Transcription

177
Q

Response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus

A

Unconditioned Response (UR)

178
Q

Generalized rule following is an example of …..

A

Higher-Order Response Class

179
Q

Systematic thinning or each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the organisms behaviour (ratio or interval)

A

Progressive Schedules of Reinforcement

180
Q

Additional stimuli presented in conjunction with the SD to help a person make the correct response

A

Extra Stimulus Prompts

181
Q

Distribution of behaviour reinforcement alternatives

A

Choice

182
Q

The extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that changes in behaviour are a function of the independent variable and not the result of unknown or uncontrolled variables

A

Internal Validity

183
Q

A schedule that delivers reinforcers independently of responses but according to a period of time that varies

A

Variable Time Schedule

184
Q

A schedule that delivers reinforcers independently of responses but according to a period of time that stays constant

A

Fixed Time Schedule

185
Q

The extent to which the independent variable of an experiment is delivered as described in the protocol

A

Treatment Integrity

186
Q

Thorndike’s “____ of effect” detailed the role of ______ in learning

A

Law

Consequences

187
Q

Responses that share common functional relations

A

Functional Response Class

188
Q

Part of the environment that affects behaviour

A

Stimulus

189
Q

Unit of analysis describing a behaviour and consequence

A

Two-term Contingency

190
Q

Removal (or avoidance) of a stimulus, following a behaviour, increase in future frequency of behaviour

A

Negative Reinforcement

191
Q

A stimulus that when presented after a behaviour, decrease the rate of behaviour

A

Positive Punisher

192
Q

Stimulus that when withdrawn after a behaviour, decreases the rate of behaviour

A

Negative Punisher

193
Q

The effect of the environment during an organisms lifetime

A

Ontogenetic Variables

194
Q

Behaviour relations that are based on the genetic endowment of an organism

A

Phylogenetic Variable

195
Q

Food, Water, Oxygen, Warmth, Sex are all types of …..

A

Unconditioned (primary) Reinforcers

196
Q

Specific instance of a response class

A

Response

197
Q

The branch of behaviour analysis that deals with philosophy of the science of behaviour

A

Radical Behaviourism

198
Q

The three branches of Behaviour Analysis?

A

Experimental Analysis of Behaviour
Radical Behaviourism
Applied Behaviour Analysis

199
Q

Assumption of science: The world is a lawful and orderly place

A

Determinism

200
Q

Behaviour and/or stimuli only observable by oneself

A

Private Event

201
Q

Addition of stimulus, following a behaviour, resulting in increase in future frequency of behaviour

A

Positive Reinforcement

202
Q

The unit of analysis involving antecedent, behaviour and consequence (ABC)

A

Three term contingency

203
Q

A stimulus that does not elicit or evoke a response prior to conditioning

A

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

204
Q

Reduced effectiveness of the reinforcer, because the organism has received to much of it

A

Satiation

205
Q

Reinforcers that do not depend on a prior learning history

A

Unconditioned (Primary) Reinforcers

206
Q

Type of reinforcer that does not depend its relation to other reinforcers

A

Unconditioned (Primary) Reinforcer

207
Q

The seven dimensions of applied behaviour analysis

A 
Applied Behavioural
Analytic
Effective
Conceptually Systematic
General
Technological
208
Q

In avoidance, the behaviour _______ the stimulus

A

Prevents (or postpones)

209
Q

Stimulus that, when withdrawn after a behaviour, increases the future frequency of that behaviour

A

Negative Reinforcer

210
Q

Repeating experiments (and the IV within experiments) in order to determine reliability of findings

A

Replication

211
Q

Explaining the occurrence of behaviour by appealing to a description of the very same behaviour

A

Circular Reasoning

212
Q

Who first established behaviour as the subject matter of Psychology

A

John Watson

213
Q

Reinforcers that depend on a persons learning history

A

Conditioned (Secondary) Reinforcers

214
Q

A learned reinforcer that has become effective for a wide range of behaviours under a variety of situations

A

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

215
Q

Stimuli which share formal stimulus properties

A

Formal Stimulus Class

216
Q

Following extinction, a temporary reappearance of the behaviour

A

Spontaneous Recovery

217
Q

Systematic manipulation of some measure of the phenomenon of interest in order to identify functional relation

A

Experimentation

218
Q

In escape, the behaviour_______ the stimulus

A

Terminates

219
Q

Any physical event that influences behaviour that is not part of behaviour (can include organism itself)

A

Environment

220
Q

Extinction of a behaviour maintained by sensory reinforcers. The sensory reinforcers are withheld.

A

Sensory Extinction

221
Q

Learning, whereby a class of behaviour is modified by its consequences

A

Operant Conditioning

222
Q

An assumption of science involving the objective observation of the phenomenon of interest

A

Empiricism

223
Q

The extent to which behaviour persists when the maintaining reinforcer is withheld

A

Resistance to Extinction (RTE)

224
Q

The tendency of one event to vary in a regular way with one or more other events

A

Functional Relation

225
Q

A stimulus that follows behaviour and effects the probability it will occur again

A

Consequence

226
Q

Relationship in which an individual serves two potentially conflicting roles

A

Dual Relationship

227
Q

Consequence the person can access by oneself (i.e., without the help of another person)

A

A non-socially mediated consequence

228
Q

The process of identifying the contingencies for behaviour

A

Functional Behaviour Assessment (FBA)

229
Q

Behaviour that is problematic because of the nature of the behaviour or the frequency, duration or intensity of the behaviour

A

Behaviour Excess

230
Q

Dependent and or temporal relations between operant behaviour and controlling variables

A

Contingency

231
Q

A range of methods used to identify behaviours targeted for change quantitative and qualitative features of behaviours, and the variables influencing behaviours

A

Behavioural Assessment

232
Q

Experiment manipulations of environmental stimuli to show causal relationships between behaviour and environmental stimuli

A

Functional Analysis

233
Q

Direct observation methods to identify correlations relationships between behaviour and specific environmental stimuli

A

Descriptive Assessment

234
Q

Antecedent that sets the occasion for behaviour to occur because it is associated with the availability of reinforcement

A

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

235
Q

Situation in which one party has a varied interest in the outcome of a particular situation

A

Conflict of Interest

236
Q

The purpose the behaviour serves; the reinforcer for behaviour

A

Function

237
Q

Data collection strategies that do not involve direct observation

A

Indirect Methods

238
Q

Descriptive assessment that involves recording potentially relevant antecedent and consequence events each time the target behaviour(s) occur (s)

A

Narrative ABC recording

239
Q

Statistic that reveals the proportion of behaviour that occurred in the presence of certain environmental events or the proportion of events that were associated with behaviour

A

Conditional Probability (CP)

240
Q

Descriptive assessment that involves recording potentially relevant antecedent and consequent events regardless of whether the target behaviour occurred

A

Continuous ABC Recording

241
Q

Gathering information from others to form hypotheses about relevant contingencies

A

Indirect Assessment

242
Q

FA in which exposure to conditions occurs outside the natural environment

A

Analogue FA

243
Q

Data collection strategies that involve direct observations

A

Direct Methods

244
Q

Recording strategy that shows temporal patterns of behaviour

A

Scatter Plot

245
Q

Consequence that requires the behaviour of another person in order to access the stimulus

A

Socially Mediated Consequence

246
Q

Behaviour that is missing from the persons repertoire

A

Behavioural Deficit

247
Q

FA conditions which each time the problem behaviour occurs, social attention is given to the person

A

Contingent Attention Condition

248
Q

Situation in which the organism can access reinforcement without the mediation of another organism

A

Automatic Reinforcement

249
Q

FA condition in which the person is placed in an austere environment without access to social reinforcement

A

Alone Condition

250
Q

FA in which exposure to conditions occurs within the natural environment

A

Naturalistic FA

251
Q

FA condition in which a series of demands are placed on the person, but if the problem behaviour occurs, then the demand is removed

A

Contingent Escape Condition

252
Q

FA condition in which all consequences that could be maintaining the behaviour are present

A

Control Condition

253
Q

FA condition in which problem behaviour results in access to preferred items

A

Contingent Tangible Condition

Behaviour Analysis (1 decks)

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