Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 different animal mating strategies

A
  • A mate for life
  • Several mates over one life time
  • A mate for a breeding season
  • Several mates over one mating season
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2
Q

Why do animals have mating strategies?

A
  • To increase chance of survival of offspring

- To increase chance of their genes being passed on to the offspring

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3
Q

Define behaviour

A

The response of an organism to its environment which increases chances of survival

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4
Q

What is innate behaviour?

A

It’s genetically determined - passed onto offspring (usually help with survival)

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5
Q

What is learned behaviour?

A

Behaviour that changes in response to experience

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of animals that have learned behaviour? Name 3

A
  • Longer lifespans - need time to acquire experiences
  • Require parental care and learn from them
  • Live with other members of same species and learn from them
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7
Q

What is imprinting?

A

Baby organism can instantly recognise the 1st face they see as the mother and will automatically follow that organism

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8
Q

What is habituation?

A

Organisms learn to ignore stimuli which don’t result in harm or reward

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9
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Animals learn to relate a pair of events and respond to the first in anticipation of the second
i.e. natural reflex becomes associated with stimulus

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10
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

When animal learns to carry out specific learned behaviour as it leads to a reward
OR doesn’t carry out specific behaviour as it leads to punishment

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11
Q

Give an example of habituation

A

Many animals learnt to ignore movement and noise of wind and ocean

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12
Q

Give an example of imprinting

A

Birds learn who their mother is, as she’s the first they see after hatching

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13
Q

Give an example of classical conditioning

A

Pavlov (Russian scientist) trained dogs to salivate when they heard a bell

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14
Q

Name 2 human use of animal behaviour (via operant conditioning)

A
  • Sniffer dogs

- Police horses

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15
Q

Name 3 types of animal communication

A
  1. Visual
  2. Sound
  3. Chemical
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16
Q

Many of visual signals can be read by ____ species

A

more than one

17
Q

What might visual signals be linked to?

A

Selecting a mate, reproduction and raising offspring

18
Q

Give an example of visual signal

A

Coral snakes use bright colours to warn its poisonous

19
Q

What are sound signals used for? (name 3)

A
  • Communication
  • Marking territories
  • Finding possible mates & warn off rivals
20
Q

Give an example of sound signal

A

Wolves howl = maintains contact between pack members and defends their territory

21
Q

What are chemical signals used for? (name 3)

A
  • Attracting a mate
  • Communication
  • Protection
22
Q

Give an example of chemical signal

A

In social insects (e.g. bees and ants) = used to communicate everything (e.g. where to find food)

23
Q

When are police horses used? (name 2 scenarios)

A
  1. Used in large public gatherings

2. Used when searching for people in difficult, inaccessible terrain

24
Q

Why are police horses used in large public gatherings? (name 2 reasons)

A
  1. Allow police to move through a crowed = people will give way to horses more easily than to someone on foot
  2. Allow police to see what’s happening
25
Police horses are conditioned to do what?
To cope calmly with large crowds, lots of noise, etc
26
Why might parental behaviour be risky for parents?
Takes up time and resources = makes them vulnerable to | starvation and predators