behaviour Flashcards
define stereotypies
do feral horses have them?
Stereotypies are defined as repetitive, invariant patterns of behavior with no apparent goal or function.
feral horses dont show st. when free but can develop them once captured
Is there a breed predilection for stereotypical behvioiur?
Warmbloods and Thoroughbreds were at 1.8 and 3.1 times greater risk of performing stereotypic behavior
Thoroughbreds were three times more likely to exhibit crib-biting behavior than Quarter Horses and five times more likely than Arabians
do crib biting horses have more gastric ulcers?
no
but
serum gastrin response to concentrate feeding was shown to be higher in crib-biting horses compared with control animals
is crib biting learned by observation?
only 1% of horses surveyed started to crib-bite after being exposed to another crib-biting horse.
.presence of a weaving neighbor increases the risk of crib-biting.
which hormones seem to be involved in behavioural traits?
serotonin and dopamin
When do donkeys wean off their offspring?
Dams will usually self-wean their offspring by 6–8 months of age, but some allow nursing much longer. Dams will not typically allow their colts to breed them as they approach sexual maturity
when do female donkeys show their first heat?
how do they show the jack that they are in oestrus?
female often shows her first heat at 8–12 months of age
breeding is usually not achieved before 1 year of age
like horses, but also they make jaw movements and walk backwards
what is classical conditioning?
behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell). It also refers to the learning process that results from this pairing, through which the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response (e.g. salivation) that is usually similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus.
Classical conditioning is distinct from operant conditioning (also called instrumental conditioning), through which the strength of a voluntary behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
what is operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning (also called instrumental conditioning) is a type of associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by
reinforcement or punishment.
what is positive reinforcement?
name an example
Positive reinforcement occurs when a desirable event or stimulus is presented as a consequence of a behavior and the chance that this behavior will manifest in similar environments increases
Example: Whenever a rat presses a button, it gets a treat. If the rat starts pressing the button more often, the treat serves to positively reinforce this behavior.
what is negative reinforcement?
one example
Negative reinforcement occurs when the rate of a behavior increases because an aversive event or stimulus is removed or prevented from happening
Example: A child cleans their room, and this behavior is followed by the parent stopping “nagging” or asking the child repeatedly to do so. Here, the nagging serves to negatively reinforce the behavior of cleaning because the child wants to remove that aversive stimulus of nagging.
What is punishment?
Along with reinforcement it belongs under the operant conditioning category.
punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus (“positive punishment”) or removal of a pleasant stimulus (“negative punishment”).
Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while
removing an offending student’s recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.
What is habituation?
Habituation is a form of non-associative learning in which an innate (non-reinforced) response to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus.
What is sensitization?
Sensitization is an example of non-associative learning in which the progressive amplification of a response follows repeated administrations of a stimulus.
The influence of rider:horse bodyweight ratio and rider-horse-saddle fit on equine gait and behaviour: A pilot study
large riders can induce temporary lameness and behaviours consistent with musculoskeletal pain. This may relate to rider bodyweight and/or weight distribution.
