Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral Sciences PA-CAT Review > Behavioral Sciences Review > Flashcards

Behavioral Sciences Review Flashcards

1
Q

A child can tell you their age and weight. This child is displaying operational thought. Which stage of Piaget’s theory is the child in?

A

Concrete operational stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of rhythm refers to the individual’s sleep-wake cycle?

A

Circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

One of the most famous psychological experiments was the “Bobo doll experiment.” In this experiment, it was discovered that children observing the behavior of others are more likely to reproduce the behavior if it is gender-appropriate and if the behavior is consistently and positively rewarded.

Which theorist conducted this study?

A

Albert Bandura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

You see someone biting their nails. According to Freud’s psychosexual model, what can you interpret?

A

The person has an oral fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A young boy being observed at his daycare. The observer noted that he was quite relaxed and not very interested in his surroundings.

According to the EAS Temperament Model, how would the child have scored?

A

Low on emotionality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A student must memorize a speech in Spanish for a final exam tomorrow, but they are only starting to study today. They begin reciting the speech.

What will most likely happen next?

A

They will forget part of the beginning of the speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What behavior describes a child’s cognitive capacities in the preoperational stage according to Piaget?

A

Beginning to be intuitive and egocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the guidelines that govern the proper use of the components and symbols of language?

A

Grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following statements describes empirical research?
A. It has all the types of data
B. It compares subjects at different periods of time
C. It must be studied outside the laboratory
D. It is based on observation and experimentation

A

D. It is based on observation and experimentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the general definition of psychology?

A

Study of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, what is needed to resolve the conflict of the phallic phase?

A

The child must identify with and adopt the characteristics of the same-sex parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
What is a risk factor for insomnia?
A. Female sex
B. Age under 60
C. Having a set sleep/wake schedule
D. Male sex
A

A. Female sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
You encounter someone who displays the following characteristics: they perceive reality efficiently and can tolerate uncertainty; they accept themselves and others for what they are; and they are able to look at life objectively. Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs have they fulfilled?
A. Self-actualization needs
B. Biological and physiological needs
C. Safety needs
D. Love and belongingness needs
E. Esteem needs
A

A. Self-actualization needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for regulating internal organ processes such as the endocrine and cardiovascular systems?

A

Autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to the American Psychological Association, psychology is defined as the study of _______ and __________.

A

Mind; behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would an expert on experimental validity assess Kohlberg’s theory of moral development and why?

A

It has low predictive validity; he only studied responses to hypothetical situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A female child follows her mother into the bathroom. She sees her mom using the toilet and glances towards her toilet. She then pulls down her shorts and sits on her toilet as well. Her mother gives her great praise for initiating such an action of her own accord.

Understanding Freud’s psychosexual theory and stages, indicate which stage the child is exhibiting.

A

Anal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What mode of learning is not dependent on the formation of association with events and stimuli?

A

Spatial and discrimination learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Individuals do not learn at the same pace. Which pairs of factors affect the rate of learning?

A

Preparedness and blocking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In 1968, Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a structural model of memory known as the multistore model of memory (the modal model). They proposed that memory consisted of 3 stores: a sensory register, short-term memory, and ____.

A

Long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A teacher evaluates a student’s behavior in the classroom: “Shows an extreme interest in how and why things work. Loves starting new games or projects and is very persistent in seeing the project through to completion. Very proud once a project is completed.”

According to Erik Erikson, which stage does this student’s noted behavior occupy, and what dynamic of that stage is the student exhibiting?

A

Industry versus inferiority; industry

22
Q

What is the definition of the primary effect?

A

Information given first is remembered better than information given later

23
Q

A man is starting to branch out of his inner circle. He is beginning to make friends with other children his age within the tribe.

This individual is exhibiting which level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Need for love, acceptance, and belonging

24
Q

What are the mediational processes proposed by Bandura in his social learning theory?

A

Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

25
Q

Why does a dim star in the sky seem to disappear when directly looked at?

A

There are not enough rods in the fovea to process the dim light

26
Q

What pair of psychoactive drugs are most alike in their effect on consciousness?

A

Nicotine and cocaine

27
Q

What is characteristic of a neuron, the functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neurons’ cellular metabolic activities occur in the nucleus

28
Q

A young boy has extremely proud parents. While meeting new family friends and their dog, the boy exclaimed, “Doggy is big!” The child’s parents were very excited to hear this new phrase from their son.

What milestone in the stages of language development is the boy exhibiting?

A

Multiple-word sentences

29
Q

A child realizes a toy is still there even after their parent hides it. This child is displaying object permanence. Which stage of Piaget’s theory is the child in?

A

Sensorimotor stage

30
Q

What best represents the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

A

Positive reinforcement introduces a positive reward; negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus

31
Q

A boy and a girl are in the same class at school. The boy was praised for having built a “pirate ship” out of blocks for him and his friends to play in. He begins to feel more secure in his ability to lead his peers. The girl, on the other hand, was criticized for always wanting to play pretend. She stopped wanting to make up games and just followed her peers’ lead.

Choose the psychosocial stage these children are in and differentiate between them, deciding which side of the spectrum each is on.

A

Initiative vs Guilt; he is showing initiative while she is showing guilt

32
Q

Which stage of sleep is thought to play a role in memory consolidation?

A

Stage 5 (REM)

33
Q

You are hungry, so you make a sandwich. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (5-tier), which needs are you fulfilling?

A

Biological and physiological needs

34
Q

In which stage of sleep can sleep apnea occur?

A

Stage 5 (REM)

35
Q

In understanding Freud’s theory, what is the third stage of psychosexual development that children experience?

A

Phallic

36
Q

A man and his family live on a 50-acre farm in Wisconsin. When their friends come over, the friends complain about the horrid smell coming from the barn. He states that he does not smell what they are complaining about.

What phenomenon is taking place within this man?

A

Sensory adaptation

37
Q

What is the definition of perception?

A

The process by which sensory stimulation is organized into usable experience

38
Q

Which theory explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world, suggesting that intelligence is not a fixed trait?

A

Piaget’s theory

39
Q

Which psychologist is credited with proposing operant conditioning?

A

Skinner

40
Q

A child is good in order to avoid being disciplined and believes that if they are disciplined, they must have done wrong. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Moral Theory would this behavior represent?

A

Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment Orientation

41
Q

You are working as a psychologist, and you have a new client who is a young boy. After interviewing his parents, it becomes clear that the child is struggling emotionally, largely because he is struggling to learn age-appropriate skills of reading, writing, and mathematics. This appears to be influencing his self-esteem and his sense of his own competence. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, with which stage would the child most likely be struggling?

A

Industry versus inferiority

42
Q

The axons of some neurons are missing myelin (the insulating substance that forms a sheath around the axon).

There may be a problem with which type of glial cells?

A

Oligodendrocytes

43
Q

What determines a person’s temperament?

A

Biology

44
Q

A man was riding his motorcycle when he was hit head-on by another vehicle. After recovering slightly in the hospital, the neurologist ran a specific set of tests to check brain function. After running the tests, the doctor briefed the family and told them that he had suffered damage to his parietal lobe.

Considering each lobe’s functions, which tests would the neurologist have run to discover this type of damage?

A

Pain and pressure tests

45
Q

A boy is 6 years old, and like many children his age, he is able to use words to represent objects. He also enjoys pretend play, such as playing cops and robbers with his classmates; however, he struggles to put himself in others’ shoes to see things from their perspective. Within which stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development is he most likely to fall?

A

Preoperational

46
Q

What brain structure controls and regulates emotions?

A

Limbic system

47
Q

A young man avoids affection and fears both commitment and relationships. This causes him to feel detached, lonely, and sometimes depressed. In which stage of Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development is this person having difficulty?

A

Stage 6. Intimacy vs Isolation

48
Q

When you touch a hot pan, which neurons are activated first?

A

Sensory neurons

49
Q

What phenomenon refers to the minimum level of stimulus required by an individual to discriminate senses?

A

Absolute threshold

50
Q

During Stage 4 of sleep, which type of brain waves are almost exclusively produced?

A

Delta

Behavioral Sciences PA-CAT Review (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions