Behavioral Sciences Part 2

Question 1

Errors of Growth

Answer 1

Misuse of grammar characterized by universal application of a rule, regardless of exceptions; seen in children during language development.

Question 2

Escape

Answer 2

A form of negative reinforcement in which one reduces the unpleasantness of something that already exists.

Question 3

Ethnocentrism

Answer 3

The practice of making judgements about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of one’s own culture.

Question 4

Explicit memory

Answer 4

Memory that requires conscious recall, divided into facts (semantic memory) and experiences (episodic memory); also known as declarative memory.

Question 5

Extinction

Answer 5

In classical conditioning, the decrease in response resulting from repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the presence of the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Fixation

Answer 6

In Freudian psychoanalysis, the result of overindulgence or frustration during a psychosexual stage; causes a neurotic pattern of personality based on that stage.

Question 7

Fluid intelligence

Answer 7

Ability to quickly identify relationships and connections, and then use those relationships and connections to make correct deductions.

Question 8

Foraging

Answer 8

The act of searching for and exploiting food resources.

Question 9

Forebrain

Answer 9

A portion of the brain that is association with complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes such as emotion and memory.

Question 10

Front stage

Answer 10

In the dramaturgical approach, the setting where players are in front of an audience and perform roles that are in keeping with the image they hope to project about themselves.

Question 11

Frontal lobe

Answer 11

A portion of the cerebral cortex that controls motor processing, executive function, and the integration of cognitive and behavioral processes.

Question 12

Functional fixedness

Answer 12

The inability to identify uses for an object beyond its usual purpose.

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

A theoretical framework that explains how parts of society fit together to create a cohesive whole.

Question 14

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 14

The general bias towards making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions when analyzing another person’s behavior.

Question 15

Game theory

Answer 15

A model that explains social interaction and decision-making as a game, including strategies, incentives, and punishments.