Behavioral Sciences Ch1

Question 1

Neuropsychology
Franz Gall (1758-1828)

Answer 1

Early theory (phrenology) of behavior, intellect and personality linked to brain anatomy. A well developed trait will expand that part of the brain/skull. (gall/ball)

Question 2

Neuropsychology
Pierre Flourens (1794-1867)

Answer 2

1st to study functions of major sections of brain
Extirpation, aka ablation, parts of brain surgically removed and behavior consequences observed.

Question 3

Neuropsychology
William James (1842-1910)

Answer 3

father of American psychology.
how mind adapts to the environment.
Functionalism: mental processes help ppl adapt to their environment.

Question 4

Neuropsychology
John Dewey (1859-1952)

Answer 4

Functionalist. Psychology should focus on study of ppl as a whole as it functions to adapt to their environment.

Question 5

Neuropsychology
Paul Broca (1824-1880)

Answer 5

Looked at behavioral deficits of ppl w/ brain damage.
1st to show specific functional impairments could be linked w/ specific brain lesions.
Ex: studied a man who couldnt speak w/ a lesion on LT side in Broca’s area.

Question 6

Neuropsychology
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)

Answer 6

1st: measure speed of nerve impulse. + reaction time.
R/t behavior an nervous system activity.
Made natural science quantifiable.

Question 7

Neuropsychology
Sir Charles Sherrington (1857-1952)

Answer 7

Inferred existent of synapses.
Got everything right except synaptic transmission is a chemical process NOT electrical.

Question 8

3 types of nerve cells in nervous system

Answer 8

1. Sensory (afferent) neurons: transmit info from receptors to spinal cord/brain
2. Motor (efferent) neuron: from brain/spinal cord to muscles/glands
3. Interneurons: found between other neurons. most #. Mostly in the brain/spinal cord and linked to reflexive behavior controlled by reflex arcs.