Behavioral health

Question 1

Central Nervous system (CNS) includes what?

Answer 1

includes the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What does the brain stem contain?

Answer 2

contains midbrain, medulla, and pons

Question 3

What does the medulla do?

Answer 3

Controls vial functions such as heart rate :3

Question 4

What do the pons do?

Answer 4

control the management of sleep, arousal, facial expression

Question 5

cerebellum what does it do?

Answer 5

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for muscle control, including balance and movement. It also plays a role in other cognitive functions such as language processing and memory.

Question 6

What does the Cerebrum do?

Answer 6

cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature

Question 7

midbrain

Answer 7

controls sensory reflexes, movement, pain

Question 8

reticular formation

Answer 8

controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 9

thalamus

Answer 9

controls sensation, memory, states of consciousness; receives sensory input from most systems

Question 10

basal ganglia

Answer 10

voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson’s, also involved in OCD and ADHD

Question 11

hypothalamus

Answer 11

involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates temperature, hunger thirst; directs ANS and endocrine system

Question 12

hippocampus

Answer 12

formation of long term memories

Question 13

cingulate cortex

Answer 13

directs ANS; plays role in decision making, emotion, anticipation of reward, empathy

Question 14

amygdala

Answer 14

fear and aggression. #Emotion

Question 14

nucleus accumbens

Answer 14

reward and pleasure

Question 15

corpus callosum

Answer 15

connects hemispheres

Question 16

cerebral cortex

Answer 16

thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres

Question 17

frontal lobe

Answer 17

primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most complex cognitive processes

Question 18

Broca’s area

Answer 18

speech production in left hemisphere

Question 19

prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

planning behavior, attention, and judgement

Question 19

orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 19

emotion, impulse control

Question 20

occipital lobe

Answer 20

primary visual cortex

Question 21

temporal lobe

Answer 21

primary auditory cortex

Question 22

parietal lobe

Answer 22

primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect syndrome)

Question 23

lateralization

Answer 23

localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language lateralized in the left hemisphere)

Question 24

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 24

nerves and ganglia outside the CNS; contains somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 24

somatic nervous system

Answer 24

transmits commands for voluntary movement

Question 25

autonomic nervous system

Answer 25

controls glands and organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 26

controls glands and organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

controls glands and organs; contains sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 27

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

rest and digest; storage of energy

Question 27

enteric nervous system

Answer 27

nerve cells embedded in lining of gastrointestinal system; communicates with endocrine system; source of 95% of boys serotonin

Question 27

endocrine system

Answer 27

responsible for release of hormones into bloodstream; responses to input from hypothalamus

Question 28

pineal gland

Answer 28

releases melatonin; maintenance of sleep-wake cycles

Question 28

pituitary gland

Answer 28

master gland; stimulates activity of other glands

Question 29

main parts of the neuron

Answer 29

soma (cell body), axons (transmit info), dendrites (receive info)

Question 30

glial cells

Answer 30

provide structural matrix, clean up debris, form blood-brain barrier

Question 31

myelin

Answer 31

insulating material covering axons; increase conduction

Question 31

glial cells

Answer 31

cells that form scar tissue in the brain and spinal cord

Question 32

young adulthood

Answer 32

The prefrontal cortex in myelinated in

Question 33

action potential

Answer 33

electrical signal arising in a neurons axon

Question 34

resting potential

Answer 34

electrical charge across membrane when neuron is not firing

Question 35

action

Answer 35

The _________ potential is initiated when the membrane is depolarized to threshold

Question 36

synapse

Answer 36

point of communication between neurons

Question 37

neurotransmitter

Answer 37

chemical messenger that communicates across a synapse

Question 38

receptor

Answer 38

where neurotransmitter binds

Question 39

reuptake

Answer 39

NT reabsorbed by neuron that released it

Question 40

acetylcholine

Answer 40

NT involved in movement, memory, ANS function

Question 41

epinephrine

Answer 41

NT involved in arousal

Question 42

norepinephrine

Answer 42

NT involved in arousal and vigilance; released by SNS; disruptions in PTSD and bipolar disorder

Question 43

dopamine

Answer 43

NT involved in movement, planning, and reward; receptors die in Parkinson's, overactive in Schizophrenia

Question 44

serotonin

Answer 44

NT involved in mood, appetite, sleep; associated with depression

Question 44

endorphins

Answer 44

pain; opioid drugs mimic endorphins

Question 45

glutamate

Answer 45

excitation of brain activity

Question 45

GABA

Answer 45

inhibition of brain activity

Question 46

__________ disorders are the most common mental disorders

Answer 46

anxiety

Question 47

Occurs at any time during the last year having a diagnosable, mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that causes functional impairment that interferes with at least one major life event

Answer 47

serious mental illness

Question 47

serious mental disturbance (SED)

Answer 47

Occurs in children who have been diagnosed with a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder

Question 48

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 48

Is characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior

Question 49

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 49

(1 out of 50 children) have this disorder

Question 50

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 50

characterized by either unusual inattentiveness, hyperactivity with impulsivity, or both

Question 51

_____ % is the Percentage of children diagnosed with ADHD

Answer 51

11%

Question 52

the causes of _______ are genetic (heritability 70%), and environmental factors

Answer 52

ADHD

Question 53

schizophrenia affects what percentage of the population?

Answer 53

1%

Question 54

schizophrenia

Answer 54

characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought and speech, disorders of movement, restricted affect, and avolition or asociality

Question 55

Positive Symptoms

Answer 55

behaviors found in patients with schizophrenia but not in normal people (ex: hallucinations, delusions)

Question 55

Negative Symptoms

Answer 55

behaviors found in normal people but not in schizophrenics (ex: avolition, flat affect)

Question 55

Sources of Causality

Answer 55

strong genetic vulnerability (50% concordance rate in twins); environmental factors (birth month, stress)

Question 56

abnormalities in what neurotransmitter, are associated with schizophrenia?

Answer 56

Dopamine

Question 56

abnormalities in what brain area is associated with schizophrenia?

Answer 56

enlarged ventricles

Question 57

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 57

abnormalities in what brain area is associated with schizophrenia?

Question 58

_____ % of the adult population is affected by bipolar disorder

Answer 58

2.6%

Question 59

What gender is most affected by Bipolar disorder

Answer 59

females

Question 59

concordance rates for bipolar disorder in twins is as high as ____%

Answer 59

70%

Question 60

major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 60

characterized by lengthy periods of depressed mood, loss of pleasure in normal activities, disturbances in sleep and appetite, difficulty concentrating, feelings of hopelessness, and possible thoughts of suicide

Question 61

In order to be diagnosed with ____________ at least 5 symptoms and one must be depressed mood or anhedonia (lack of interest in activities that previously provided pleasure)

Answer 61

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Question 62

anhedonia

Answer 62

lack of interest in activities that previously provided pleasure

Question 62

____ % of the population is affected by MDD

Answer 62

7

Question 63

What is what is the gender most affected by MDD

Answer 63

Female

Question 64

___________ explanation for depression: result of a combination of negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future

Answer 64

Cognitive

Question 65

___________ explanation for depression: reduction in positive enforcement or increase in negative outcomes

Answer 65

learning

Question 66

___________ explanation for depression: feelings of sadness and loneliness

Answer 66

Social

Question 67

___________ explanation for depression: heritability is 40%; certain genes affecting serotonin levels

Answer 67

Biologicial

Question 67

diathesis-stress model

Answer 67

suggests that biological vulnerabilities for a disorder interact with a person's experience of stress

Question 68

_________ is a disorder that is not proportional to a person's circumstances

Answer 68

Anxiety

Question 69

_____ % of americans experience disorders

Answer 69

30%

Question 69

Fears of specific objects or circumstances

Answer 69

Specific Phobias

Question 69

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 69

unrealistic fear of being scrutinized and criticized by others