BEHAVIORAL CHANGE THEORIES Flashcards
Health belief model (HBM)
explain and predict health behaviours focusing on attitudes and beliefs of groups.
A person will take a healthy behaviour if that person: (HBM)
- Feels that a negative health condition can be avoided.
- Has a positive expectation that by taking a reccomendend action, he will avoid a negative health condition.
- Believes that he can successfully take a recommended health action.
The readiness to act of that person will depend on his/her perceived
(HBM)
- Susceptibility: ones opinion of chances of getting a condition.
- Severity: ones opinion of how serious a condition and its consequences are.
- Benefits: ones belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk
- Barriers: ones opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action.
- Cues to action (external/internal): activate readiness and stimulate behaviour.
- Self-efficacy: ones confidence in the ability to successfully perform an action.
Theory of reasoned actions (fishbein y Azjen)
As for the fact of conducting adaptive behaviors (health) or maladaptive (risk), this theory is based on the fact that most behaviors are under the control of each individual volunteer, being for determining the intent to carry them out, or not.
Generally, the intention to perform a behavior is determined by two factors with relative weights and different degree of influence on the final intention: 1. Personal factor, attitude; 2. Social factor, external pressure
Personal factor
TRA
Attitude. The assessment the person does on the behaviour to be carried out and the outcomes that it will hypothetically have. Is determined by;:
a) Beliefs about the likelihood of performing a behaviour.
b) the subjective evaluation of those results. “the end of the day, not so bad with this disease”
Social factors
TRA
Perceived social pressure. We feel “pressure” when we think we “should” perform certain behaviors or when we should stop doing others.
Factores which increase the correspondence between intention and the final behaviour
(TRA)
- degree of correspondence between the “size” of the intent and observed behavior.
- The time interval between the “declaration” of intent and execution of behavior.
- The degree to which a person may act according to his own intention without assistance or “pressure” of others.
Protection motivation theory (PMT)
Fear appeals. Pesuasive communication, with an emphasis on the cognitive processes mediating behavioural change. Extension of HBM and intention to protect oneself is the proximal determinant of health behaviour.
Communication theory (PMT)
better understanding of the specific cognitive process underlying how appeals to fear motivate people to change their behaviour.
Perceived threat + Cognitive processes.
Analysis of rewards and costs for engaging in either a maladaptive behavior or adaptive response. Like antismoking advertisements.
Precaution adoption model (PAPM)
How a person comes to decisions to take action and how he or she translates that decision into action.
Adoption of a new precaution or cessation of a risky behavior requires deliberate steps unlikely to occur outside of conscious awareness.
Theory consisting of seven stages between ignorance and completed preventive action.
Seven stages (PAPM)
- Unaware of the issue eg. A person who isn ́t aware of having high blood pressure
- Aware of the issue but not personally engaged eg. Knowing he/she has high blood pressure but doesn ́t care about it.
- Engaged and deciding what to do eg. He/She decides to go (or not to go) to the doctor
- Planning to act but not yet having acted eg. He/She is aware of following a treatment but he/she hasn ́t started yet
- Having decided not to act eg. He/She decides not to follow the treatment
- Acting eg. He/She follows the treatment, engaged to recommendations
- “Maintenance” eg. He/She continues with the treatment
