Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm > Behavior Modifying Drugs > Flashcards

Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • amplify the effects of GABA causing patients to be less reactive to surroundings and less responsive to provocative stimuli
  • cats becomes excessively friendly, sleepy or uncoordinated
  • interupt learning and short term memory thus not to be use in conjunction for behaviour modification (Develop physiologic and behavioural dependency)
  • USES: sporadic events that cause pain or anxiety (thunderstorms, fireworks, etc)
  • include diazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, clorazepate, oxazepam and triazolam.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diazepam

A

VALIUM

  • benzodiazepines (GABAergic)
  • -cause idiosyncratic, fulminant hepatic necrosis in cats given oral diazepam
  • measure baseline ALT and AST before therapy and after started
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alprazolam

A

XANAX

  • benzodiazepine (GABAergic)
  • Good for aggression
  • 3-5 weeks to get effect
  • high doses can cause profound lethargy and incoordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

LIBRIUM

  • benzodiazepines (GABAergic)
  • appetite stimulant and anxiolytic effects in cats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Flurazepam

A

DALMANE

-appetite stimulant and anxiolytic effects in cats AND dogs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clorazepate

A

TRANXENE

  • benzodiazepine (GABAergic)
  • hydrolysed to diazepam metabolite (long half life)
  • good for thunderstorm phobias, compulsive grooming and wool sucking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxazepam

A

SERAX

  • benzodiazepine (GABAergic)
  • appetite stimulant in cats and dogs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Triazolam

A

HALICON

-aggession in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Buspirone (Buspar)

A

-partial serotonin agonist
and dopamine receptor antagonist.
-causing them to be less anxious and more social in social situations
-good for cats for txing urine marking/spraying
-no dependence developed
-2-4 weeks for effect
-may cause aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

A
  • inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake and relieve primary or secondary anxiety
  • block muscarinic, histaminic and adrenergic receptors
  • modulate glucocorticoid receptor and enhance GR-mediated gene transcription (clomipramine best at this)
  • inhibit steroid transporter than extrudes cortisol.
  • used as antidepressants and anxiolytics and to treat inappropriate elimination, stereotypes, narcolepsy and incontinence.
  • get relapse off drug tho
  • couple weeks to get steady state
  • gluconuration in liver to metabolize (cats sensitive)
  • narrow therapeutic index
  • toxicity at low doses
  • profound cardiac effects
  • IV lipid emulsion effective antidote for overdoses in dogs and cats.
  • imipramine, amitriptyline, clomipramine
  • long elimination HL so need to do washout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Imipramine (Tofranil)

A
  • TCA
  • used for separation anxiety and aggression in dogs
  • used to treat narcolepsy in dogs and horses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Amitriptyline (elavil)

A
  • TCA
  • used for inappropriate urination in cats
  • some anti inflammatory activity (useful when feline lower UT disorder is causing problem)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clomipramine

A

ANAFRANIL, CLOMICALM

  • separation anxiety in dogs mainly
  • useful in treating phobias and panic disorders and inappropriate urination in cats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A
  • specifically inhibit the serotonin reuptake
  • fewer anticholinergic effects and less cardiotoxicity than TCAs’
  • fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and fluvoxamine
  • long elimination HL’s thus need to do washout
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fluoxetine

A

RECONCILE (prozac)

  • -SSRI
  • inhibits reuptake of serotonin and up regulates GABA receptors
  • decreases aggression (due to elevated serotonin)
  • racemic mixture (S-enant better SSRI)
  • effective in reducing spraying in cats
  • controls separation anxieity, dominance aggression and txing acral lick granulomas in dogs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Trazodone

A
  • serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhbitor (SARI)
  • used in combo with other serotonergic meds in dogs
  • when used with SSRIs get a synergistic effect that is safe
  • cant be given with MAOI inhibitors tho
  • at low doses antagonizes 5HT, H1 and alpha 1 receptors (hypnotic effects)
  • attenuates the inhibitory tone of GABA NTs in cerebral cortex (increase serotonin []s (thus diff mech of action than others)
17
Q

Selegiline (Anipryl)

A
  • MAO inhibitor (irreversible)
  • used for dogs in “canine cognitive disorder” (decreased catecholamines in CNS and NTion deficiency)
  • stops MAO from catabolizing catecholamines (mostly dopamine)
  • may increase dopamerinergic activity by increasing synthesis and release of dopamine into the synapse and interfering with reuptake too.
18
Q

Phenothiazines

A

tranquilizer mech: antagonize dopamine.

  • dopamine blockage in limbic system responsible for antipsychotic and calming effects of these drugs
  • adverse effects: hypotension and extrapyramidal signs (pseudoparkingsons) in horses (=muscle rigidity, spasms, and restlessness frenzy)
  • include acepromazine, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine
19
Q

Acepromazine

A
  • phenothiazine group
  • popular general tranquilizer
  • cant use in show animals (prolapse of nictitating membrane (3rd eyelid) in horses and dogs and penile prolapse in horses)
20
Q

Chlorphromazine (Thorazine)

A
  • phenothiazine group
  • illicitly used in show cattle and barrel horses for tranq.
  • dont give IV to horses because causes extrapyramidal reactions
  • cattle: decrease ACTH and gonadotropin release (wrecks embryo transfer procedures)
  • 48 hr hangover, persists in tissues
21
Q

Fluphenazine (Modecate, prolixen)

A
  • -depot formation of phenothiazine
  • used as liquid lunge line in show and race horses (unethical)
  • severe extrapyramidal signs 12 hrs post admin.
  • diphenydramine or benztropine mesylate can be used to reestablish ACH-dopamine balance
22
Q

Reserpine

A
  • rauwolfia alkaloid
  • prevents re-uptake of NE
  • abused in horse world for sedative effects (low oral doses go undetected)
  • antihypertensive effects are long lasting
  • dont administer with other hypertensives (fatal low BP)
23
Q

Narcotic antagonists

A
  • useful in endorphin-releasing behaviours such as lick granulomas and cribbing in horses.
  • includes naltrexone
24
Q

Naltrexone (trexan)

A
  • pure narcotic antagonist with NO agonist properties
  • used in tx of acral lick dermatitis in dogs (relapse when stop use)
  • IV will suppress stereotypes in horses (expensive)
25
Q

Feline Facial Pheromone

A

FELIWAY

  • spray contains analogs of naturally occurring facial pheromones that control urine marking.
  • calming effect
26
Q

Dog appeasing pheromone

A

DAP

  • chemical developed to calm dogs
  • synthetic analogue of hormone produced by nursing canine mothers that is supposed to “promote calm and secure behaviour”
  • uses: sep anxiety, astraphobia, fear of fireworks, or excessive barking.

Pharm (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions