Behavior/Mental Flashcards
Aggression
Aggressive behaviors in children have been associated with prenatal exposure to substances including cocaine, alcohol, and tobacco.
Aggression is influenced by the interaction between the prefrontal cortex, which can inhibit actions, and the limbic system, where emotional arousal resides.
Children who have anxiety may demonstrate reactive aggression when their anxiety is triggered and the child is unable to cope.
Benign Sleep Myoclonus of Infancy
Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy is characterized by jerking movements of the limb that only occur when the infant is asleep. The jerking may move from 1 limb to another and then back to the first limb. There is no alteration in breathing.
- VS. benign infantile myoclonic epilepsy in which you have myoclonic SEIZURES both asleep and awake.
Motor tics typically start around age 5 years and almost never before 2 years.
Tics have an associated premonitory urge which can differentiate them from motor stereotypies (which is like hand flapping, lib trembling behaviors).
Thumb and Finger sucking - what do you do?
Most children will spontaneously OUTGROW behavior by 4 years of age.
So do nothing, unless he/she is older than 4 years
Home Visiting Programs
Home visits by skilled professionals (eg, nurses, social workers, early childhood educators) empower parents by building parenting skills and knowledge.
A call to the 2-1-1 resource and information helpline may identify community-based services that cover a range of essential needs including food, housing, health care, disaster services, and employment.
These exist… -.-
Head start is after 3 years/during preschool
EI is birth to 3 years with dev delay
WIC is nutrition
How to address bullying in school
More adult supervision on school grounds!
Bullying most commonly occurs at school and in less supervised settings (eg, playground, hallways).
Effective antibullying programs incorporate improved student supervision, SCHOOL WIDE rules and antibullying policies, parent training, and collaboration between schools and families.
Zero-tolerance policies are ineffective in decreasing bullying; removing the bully from school (eg, suspension, expulsion) can unintentionally reward and thereby reinforce bullying behavior.
Most effective type of therapy
CBT!!!
Depressed children may not express sadness or a depressed mood, but may present with irritability, declining academic achievement, social withdrawal, poor self-esteem, difficulty concentrating, or disruptive behaviors.
Moderate to severe depression is best treated with a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Treatment with CBT combined with medication is more effective than either treatment alone for adolescent depression.
Intellectual Disability
Fragile X:
Boys - Moderate ID
Girls - Mild
Downs: Mild-Moderate
Prader Willi: Mild-Moderate
Angelman: Severe
Autism vs. Language delay
Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder includes deficits in social communication and interactions, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
The child with isolated language delay typically has a strong interest in engaging socially and will effectively use nonverbal communication (eg, eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, body language). Pretend play and joint attention remain intact.
What type of communication method is best for children with hearing loss?
Oral communication method
- emphasizes listening skills and speech articulation
- uses hearing, speech, and lip reading to develop spoken language
- good for those wiht residual hearing
VS.
Manual communication - signing and fingerspelling
Manual English - ASL + english grammar conventions to facilitate reading and writing in english
Total language communication - is using any means available to communicate (speech, signs, gestures, writing, pictures)
Androgenic Steroids Side effects
LIVER: High serum concentrations of liver enzymes and Cholestatic jaundice, and drug-induced hepatitis
OTHER:
altered ventricular wall mass
oligospermia associated with testicular atrophy gynecomastia in males
erythrocytosis
premature epiphyseal closure
tendon rupture
increase in mood disorders and aggressive behaviors
Side effects of Risperidone
Used in Autism for aggressive, disruptive, self injury
- approved for > 5 years old
Side effects
- Elevated prolactin: dopamine antagonist -> increases prolactin
- Dyslipidemia
Others:
- weight GAIN
- LFTS
- insulin resistance and hyperglycemia
- increase in BP, prolongation QTc
Ibuprofen can cause a false positive Urine drug screen of what?
PCP!
Urine drug screens are sensitive (rule out) but not specific.
- Most drugs detectable within 24-48 hours
- PCP up to 2 wks
- Cannabis up to 4-6 wks
- Inhalants not detectable
What drug to treat tics in ADHD kid on methylphenidate?
Clonidine!
Best advice to help children sleep better
Put them in crib awake.
- child can develop their own methods of soothing themselves and eliminating nocturnal feedings (should stop by 4-6 months)
Time Out
Length of time = 1 minute for each year of age
The child needs to be calm and physically in control by the end of time-out, or it is extended.
